MCN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT PT.2

Lawrence Kohlberg

STAGES OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT is formed by __

Stage 1: Punishment-Obedience Orientation (Toddler)

Stage 2: Individualism (Preschooler

Stage 3: Nice girl-nice boy orientation

Stage 4: Social Order

Stage 5: Social contract

Stage 6: Universal-Ethical principle

STAGES OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT

Level 1: Pre-conventional

Level 2: Conventional (School-age)

Level 3: Post-Conventional (Adolescence

Levels for STAGES OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT

Stage 1: Punishment-Obedience Orientation (Toddler)

Stage 2: Individualism (Preschooler

Level 1: Pre-conventional includes:

Stage 3: Nice girl-nice boy orientation

Stage 4: Social Order

Level 2: Conventional (School-age) includes:

Stage 5: Social contract

Stage 6: Universal-Ethical principle

Level 3: Post-Conventional (Adolescence) includes:

Stage 1: Punishment-Obedience Orientation (Toddler)

Parents serve as basis of child's morality

Stage 1: Punishment-Obedience Orientation (Toddler)

Parents must be clear in giving their instructions and is discerning the right and wrong

Stage 2: Individualism (Preschooler

The child prioritizes what is good for him rather than what is good for the majority

Stage 3: Nice girl-nice boy orientation

The child prioritizes what is good in the eyes of the people for them to be distinguished as good children

Stage 4: Social Order

The child relies on following the rules and an authority figure, even at the cost of their own safety

Stage 5: Social contract

The person follows the standard of society in terms of morality- what is good for the people

Stage 6: Universal-Ethical principle

The person develops his own standard of morality and lives by it.

• Growth spurt continuing

• Pubic hair abundant and curly

• Testes, scrotum, and penis enlarging further

• Axillary hair present

• Facial hair fine and downy

• Voice changes happen with annoying frequency

TANNER'S STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT (13-15 years old - MALE):

• Pubic hair thick and curly, triangular in distribution

• Breast areola and papilla form secondary mound

• Menstruation is ovulatory, making pregnancy possible

TANNER'S STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT (13-15 years old - FEMALE):

• Genitalia adult

• Scrotum dark and heavily rugate

• Facial and body hair present

• Sperm production mature

TANNER'S STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT (15-16 years old - MALE):

• Pubic hair curly and abundant

• May extend onto medial aspect of thighs

• Breast tissue appears adult

• Nipples protrude

• Areolas no longer project as separate ridges from breasts

• May have some degree of facial acne

TANNER'S STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT (15-16 years old - FEMALE):

• Pubic hair may extend along medial aspect of thighs

• Testes, scrotum, and penis adult in size

• May have some degree of facial acne

• Gynecomastia (enlarged breast tissue), if present, fades

TANNER'S STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT (16-17 years old - MALE):

End of skeletal growth

TANNER'S STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT (16-17 years old - FEMALE):

End of skeletal growth

TANNER'S STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT (17-18 years old - MALE):

Blink reflex

Present to protect the eye from any object by rapid eye closure

Blink reflex

triggered by shining a strong light to the eye or by sudden movement towards the eye

Rooting reflex

Brushing or stroking the corner of a baby's mouth causes him to turn his head towards the side brushed or stroked

Rooting reflex

present for the child to identify presence of food.

6 weeks

Rooting reflex disappears by ____ of age, when the child is able to focus.

Swallowing reflex

 occurs when the food reaches the posterior third of the tongue

Extrusion reflex

The tongue extrudes whenever something is placed on its anterior portion

Extrusion reflex

The tongue extrudes whenever something is placed on its anterior portion

4 months of age.

Extrusion reflex disappears by

Palmar grasp reflex

A newborn grasps objects placed at the palm of his hand.

6 weeks to 3 months of age.

Palmar grasp reflex disappears by

Placing reflex

Touching the anterior surface of the lower leg of the child against a hard surface cause him to make quick, alternative steps.

Plantar grasp reflex

Grasping motion happens when an object touches the soles of the child's feet at the base of the toes

8-9 months

Plantar grasp reflex disappears by

Moro/Startie reflex

Startling the newborn causes the infant to abduct and extend their arms and legs with their fingers in C-position, then they will adduct their arms and legs; as a form of protection.

4-5 months

Moro/Startie reflex Disappears by ____

Magnet reflex

Applying pressure on the soles of a child lying in supine position triggers him to push back against the pressure.

Sucking reflex

 are made by the child when lips are touched; helps in finding food

6 months of age

Sucking reflex disappears by

Tonic Neck (Boxer/Fencer reflex)

With the newborn lying on his back, the head of the child rolls into the side; his extremities on the side where his head rolled are extended, while the extremities on the opposite side are flexed.

2-3 months

Tonic Neck (Boxer/Fencer reflex) disappears by

Neck righting reflex

Body turns to side where head turns

Step/Walk-in-Place reflex

Holding the child in a standing position against hard surface causes him to make quick, alternating steps.

3 months

Step/Walk-in-Place reflex disappears by

Babinski reflex

Stroking the foot in an inverted J curve from the heel upward causes fanning of the toes.

3 months

Babinski reflex disappears by

Landau reflex

Muscle tone must be manifested by placing the child in a prone position with a hand underneath, supporting the trunk

Trunk incurvation reflex

Touching the paravertebral area of the child in prone position causes flexion of the child's truck and swinging of the child's hip towards the touch

Crossed extrusion reflex

With an extended leg of an infant in supine position and its corresponding foot irritated by sharp object, the opposite leg is raised and extended, as if pushing the object away from the other foot.

Parachute reflex

Lowering the child back to the examination table in ventral suspension triggers the infant to extend extremities, as is bracing himself from falling; distinct in patients with hemiplegia and cerebral palsy

6-9 months

Parachute reflex disappers by