bio 212 | respiration & non-vascular plants lab

explain what becomes of the excess energy produced by photosynthesis

compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration

list the three parts of aerobic respiration

describe how aerobic respirations is more efficient than anaerobic respiration

compare the fermentation processes of beer, wine, and spirits

most plants store excess energy from photosynthesis. name some times when recovery of stored energy may occur. does energy recovery always occur in the same sites where photosynthetic capture occurred?

the oxidation of NADH to NAD+ requires transferring electrons from it onto something else. what are characteristics the ideal recipient would have? what is the recipient actually used? what does it turn into as electrons are added to it?

cellular respiration falls into two categories. what are the two categories? when is each one used?

define obligate aerobe, obligate anaerobe, and facultative aerobe. name some type of organism that is an example of each

under what conditions does plant tissue experience lack of oxygen?

how is ATP geneHow is ATP generated from glucose without oxygen?

glycolysis can proceed only if ____________ is available. if it cannot be regenerated from NADH, the organism will starve, despite having glucose available.

the reduction of NAD+ to NADH during glycolysis is a problem. why is this less of a problem if roots absorb nitrates and sulfates or if the plant is synthesizing fatty acids?

anaerobic and aerobic forms of respiration differ in the ultimate electron acceptors for each process. what is the electron acceptor in each? what are the advantages and disadvantages of each?

with oxygen present, not only can NAD+ be regenerated, allowing glycolysis to continue, but even more __________ is formed in the regeneration process

during anaerobic respiration in animals, the electron acceptor is pyruvate. what is the acid (or the anion of which acid) that is formed? during hard, fast exercise, your own muscles probably synthesize this acid. what is the sensation you feel?

lactic acid; sensation is a burning feeling

plants do not make lactic acid. what do plants make instead during anaerobic respiration?

pyruvate is converted to _________________, and then NADH reacts with that, forming _____________________.

considering the negative aspects of anaerobic respiration, how could natural selection have produced something so inefficient?

what are the three basic parts of aerobic respiration? which steps occur in mitochondria and which in cytosol?

are the initial steps of aerobic and anaerobic respiration similar or dissimilar?

for the citric acid cycle to occur, pyruvate must be transported from _____________ where glycolysis occurs, across the _____________________ to the ____________________.

pyruvate is transported as a two-carbon fragment called acetyl. what is the name of the carrier molecule that transports it?

the text mentions that the benefit in the citric acid cycle is the generation of more ATP, yet at only one step is ATP produced. how is the citric acid cycle involved in more ATP production than just that (hint: what is the fate of NADH and FADH2)?

what is a chemiosmotic potential in mitochondria?

the flow of protons from the crista lumen to the mitochondrial matrix can be used to synthesize ATP. describe how this occurs.

the intermediates of all respiratory pathways can be used in _______________ _________________ to make various compounds. it is not ____________________ that they will be completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water.

respiration

aerobic respiration

aerobes

anaerobic respiration

fermentation

obligate anaerobes

facultative aerobes

substrate-level phosphorylation

lactate

acetaldehyde

glycolysis

citric acid cycle

oxidative phosphorylation

acetyl

acetyl CoA

oxaloacetate

citrate

beers

wines

spirits