Hemoglobin

How many iron atoms are in each hemoglobin molecule?

four

What is the ferrous state of iron?

Fe2+

What is the final product in hemoglobin synthesis?

Protoporphyrin

Which enzyme inserts iron into protoporphyrin?

Ferrochelatase

Which cell stage binds iron through transferrin receptors?

Pronormoblast

Which organelles/sites are involved in heme synthesis?

Mitochondria/cytosol

Which chromosome carries epsilon, beta, gamma, and delta globin genes?

Chromosome 11

Which chromosome carries alpha and zeta globin genes?

Chromosome 16

How many alpha genes are listed on chromosome 16?

two

How many zeta genes are listed on chromosome 16?

one

How many amino acids are in alpha chains?

141

How many amino acids are in beta chains?

146

Which cellular site is involved in globin synthesis?

Ribosome

What is the globin-chain structure of Gower 1?

ζ2ε2

Which normal hemoglobin has structure ζ2ε2?

Gower 1

Gower 1 is classified primarily as what hemoglobin type?

embryonic

What is the globin-chain structure of Gower 2?

α2ε2

Which normal hemoglobin has structure α2ε2?

Gower 2

Gower 2 is classified primarily as what hemoglobin type?

embryonic

What is the globin-chain structure of Portland?

ζ2γ2

Which normal hemoglobin has structure ζ2γ2?

Portland

Portland is classified primarily as what hemoglobin type?

embryonic

What is the globin-chain structure of Hemoglobin A?

α2β2

Which normal hemoglobin has structure α2β2?

Hemoglobin A

Hemoglobin A is classified primarily as what hemoglobin type?

adult

What is the globin-chain structure of Hemoglobin A2?

α2δ2

Which normal hemoglobin has structure α2δ2?

Hemoglobin A2

Hemoglobin A2 is classified primarily as what hemoglobin type?

adult

What is the globin-chain structure of Hemoglobin F?

α2γ2

Which normal hemoglobin has structure α2γ2?

Hemoglobin F

Hemoglobin F is classified primarily as what hemoglobin type?

fetal

What is the adult percentage range for Hemoglobin A?

95-98%

What is the adult percentage range for Hemoglobin A2?

3-5%

What is the adult percentage range for Hemoglobin F?

What is the newborn percentage range for Hemoglobin A?

10-40%

What is the newborn percentage range for Hemoglobin A2?

What is the newborn percentage range for Hemoglobin F?

60%

Which abnormal hemoglobin derivative appears cherry red?

Carboxyhemoglobin

What color is associated with Carboxyhemoglobin?

cherry red

What oxygen-affinity clue is associated with Carboxyhemoglobin?

200x

Which abnormal hemoglobin derivative appears brown?

Methemoglobin

What color is associated with Methemoglobin?

brown

What oxygen-affinity clue is associated with Methemoglobin?

Fe3+

Which abnormal hemoglobin derivative appears mauve?

Sulfhemoglobin

What color is associated with Sulfhemoglobin?

mauve

What oxygen-affinity clue is associated with Sulfhemoglobin?

100x

Which hemoglobin derivative contains ferric iron?

Methemoglobin

Which abnormal hemoglobin derivative is not measured in the cyanmethemoglobin method?

Sulfhemoglobin

What is the shape of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve?

Sigmoid

What oxygen pressure is listed as the level at rest?

40 mmHg

What percent of oxygen is released at rest during gas exchange?

23%

What is the P50 value in the notes?

26.6mmHg

What happens to hemoglobin oxygen affinity in a left shift?

Increases

What happens to tissue oxygen delivery in a left shift?

Decreases

What happens to hemoglobin oxygen affinity in a right shift?

Decreases

What happens to tissue oxygen delivery in a right shift?

Increases

Does decreased H+ cause a left or right shift?

Left

Does decreased temperature cause a left or right shift?

Left

Does decreased 2,3-DPG cause a left or right shift?

Left

Does decreased CO2 cause a left or right shift?

Left

Does hemoglobin F cause a left or right shift?

Left

Does increased H+ cause a left or right shift?

Right

Does increased temperature cause a left or right shift?

Right

Does increased 2,3-DPG cause a left or right shift?

Right

Does increased CO2 cause a left or right shift?

Right

Does exercise cause a left or right shift?

Right

Does high altitude cause a left or right shift?

Right

What pH is used for cellulose acetate hemoglobin electrophoresis?

8.4

What pH range is used for acid citrate hemoglobin electrophoresis?

6.0-6.2

Which electrophoresis medium is alkaline in the notes?

Cellulose acetate

Which electrophoresis medium is acidic in the notes?

Acid citrate