AP Psych: Stages of Development

Sensorimotor Stage

The FIRST stage in Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development:

-0-2 years of age

-schemas start to develop

-develops object permanence

Preoperational

The SECOND stage in Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development:

-2-7 years of age

-can think logically (conservation develops at the END of this stage and into next)

-still egocentric

-development of language

-symbolic thinking

Concrete Operational

The THIRD stage of Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development:

-7-11 years of age

-understands conservation

-understands reversibility

Formal Operational

The FOURTH stage of Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development:

-12 years and beyond

-understands abstract and symbolic relationships

-acquires hypothetical reasoning and metacognition

Trust vs. Mistrust

The FIRST stage of Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development:

-Infancy (birth to 1.5 years)

-most important stage in life*

-decide whether the world is friendly or hostile

-SUCCESS= trust and hopefulness

Autonomy vs. Shame

The SECOND stage of Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development:

-Early Childhood (1 to 3 years)

-learns control over body

-learn to be independent

-SUCCESS= confidence, mastery of potty training, walking, etc.

Initiative vs. Guilt

The THIRD stage of Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development:

-Play Age (3 to 6 years)

-begins social interactions

-SUCCESS= sense of purpose, leadership

Industry vs. Inferiority

The FOURTH stage of Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development:

-6 to 12 years

-develops sense of pride in accomplishments

-SUCCESS= competence

Identity vs. Role Confusion

The FIFTH stage of Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development:

-Adolescent (12 to 18 years)

-explores sexual and occupational identity

-develops own values

-SUCCESS= identity

-FAILURE= identity crisis, failure to achieve ego identity

Intimacy vs. Isolation

The SIXTH stage of Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development:

-Early Adulthood

-explores intimate relationships

-SUCCESS= learns how to love with maturity

-FAILURE= feelings of isolation or lack of intimacy

Generativity vs. Stagnation

The SEVENTH stage of Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development:

-Middle Adulthood

-establish family and career

-struggle to be productive and give back to community

-FAILURE= feelings of stagnation or isolation

Integrity vs. Despair

The EIGHTH stage of Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development:

-Old Age

-reflecting back on life

-need to accept both successes and failures

-SUCCESS= wisdom and contentment

-FAILURE= bitterness and despair