Shifting and Scaling Data

These flashcards cover key concepts related to shifting and scaling data in statistics, including definitions and explanations of various statistical measures.

Shifting Data

Adding or subtracting a constant to every data value, which affects measures of position but not shape or spread.

Rescaling Data

Multiplying or dividing all data values by a constant, which affects both measures of position and measures of spread.

z-score

A measure of relative standing, indicating how many standard deviations an observation is from the mean.

Standardization

A process that changes the mean to 0 and the standard deviation to 1 without altering the shape of the distribution.

Mean

The average of a data set, calculated by summing all values and dividing by the number of observations.

Median

The middle value of a data set when the numbers are arranged in ascending order.

Standard Deviation

A measure of the amount of variation or dispersion in a set of values.

IQR (Interquartile Range)

A measure of statistical dispersion, calculated as the difference between the third quartile (Q3) and the first quartile (Q1).

Measures of Position

Statistics that provide information about the data's central tendency, such as mean, median, and percentiles.

Measures of Spread

Statistics that describe the variability of the data, such as range, IQR, and standard deviation.