A&P: Unit 10, Female Reproductive

Name the 3 functions of the female repro system

1. produce / maintain gametes

2. production of female sex hormones

3. provide an environment for developing offspring

what are the ovaries?

solid,ovoid structure. sits in a shallow depression of the lateral walls of pelvic cavity

function : produce eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone

what are the ovarian follicles? (primordial)

structures inside the ovaries that protect and help mature the developing eggs

before birth, oogenia divides to produce —→ ______

more, → primary oocytes

what is a primordial follicle

oocyte is surrounded by epithelial cells - “Follicular cells”

*made in embyonic development

• millions of primary oocyte made, then degens

primary oocytes….

how many by puberty

how many released?

how many become a new person

400,000 left by puberty

400-500 released

10- become a new person

what is oogenesis

name the 3 parts

the formation of a new egg cell

puberty, secondary oocyte, polar bodies

puberty -

secondary oocyte -

polar bodies -

primary oocyte stimulated to continue meiosis. = 23 chromosomes

large cell, recives most of the cytoplasm

small. degens hours later

Female sex hormones notes

the hypothalamus releases _____

the antiterior pituitary releases ____

what secretes estrogens / progesterone

what is the primary source of estrogen / progesterone?

GnRH (Gonadotropin-releasing hormone)

FSH & LH

ovaries, adrenal cortex, placenta

ovaries

What does estrogen do?

Stimulates the enlargement of vagina / uterus / uterine tubes / ovaries / endometrium.

Secondary sex characteristics = development of breasts / thighs / buttocks, vascularization of skin

• causes endometrium to thicken

• inhibits LH from release + helps store it

name the 3 types of estrogen

1. estrone = post - menopause

2. estrodial = 2 main phases (follicular + luteal)

3. estriol = spikes during trimesters of pregnancy

what does progesterone do

helps with changes of the uterus during cycle

affects mammary glands + regulates gonadotropins

Name the 3 parts of the female reproductive cycle

1. menarche = first reproductive cycle

2. menses = menstrual bleeding

3. menopause = end of all cycles

FSH stimulates what?

follicle maturation and granulosa cells secrete estrogen (estrodial)

Follicle maturation -?

corresponds to puberty and releasing FSH

what are the primordial follicles

oocyte enlarges. follicle cells become stratified epithelium made of granulosum cells

zona pellucida

a layer of glycoproteins - separates the oocyte form the granulosum → becomes primary follicle

outside the follicle includes…

theca internal - inner vascular layer forms. steroid secreting cells + CT

theca external - outer fibrous layer of CT

then…… the antrum forms

a fluid filled space that presses the oocyte to 1 side of the follicle. → secondary oocyte

dominant follicle forms ???? more days to mature. Then it is called what

10-14 more days to mature. Graafian follicle (Reiner de graaf).

• buldges outward on ovary surface.

• oocyte surrounded by zona Pellucidar + corona radiata

corona radiata

follicular cells that provide nourishment

What is ovulation

release of LH triggers it

• wall of follicle weakens / ruptures and a secondary oocyte is released.

• Travels to uterine tube

• not fertilized? begins to degen

when is LH released in a surge

on day 14th of follicle and stimulates ovulation

corpus luteum forms and secretes ……

estrogen and progesterone

estrogen and progesterone helps with what

estrogen - helps with uterine wall

progesterone - helps with vascularization + glandular inhibition (estrodial)

secondary oocyte if not fertilized corpus luteum becomes →

corpus albicans and estrogen +progesterone levels decrease

then?

BV constrict 02, nutrients to uterus

then?

endometruium dies , disintegrates, and sloughs off.

damaged capillaries release blood and menstrual flow begins (menses)

then?

FSH and LH are released, all starts again!