Matza's techniques of neutralisation and Hirschi's social bonds theory

Matza — delinquent v mainstream values

• Actually very similar

Matza — delinquents

• Ashamed when they offend

  • Use techniques of neutralisation to explain deviant behaviour as an exception to the rule

    • This shows their commitment to mainstream values

Matza — example of a technique of neutralisation

• Shoplifting to buy a gift as they don’t have enough money

Matza — youths

• Delinquent to achieve status

  • Give it up as they get older

CRITICISM of Matza

• Just naming excuses people give to their criminal activities

Hirschi — social bonds theory

• Control theory that looks at why people don’t commit crime

Hirschi — role of social bonds

• Restrain humans

  • All are weak and unable to resist crime

Hirschi — result of weakening social bonds

• Weakening self-control → crime

Hirschi’s explanation of juvenile delinquency

• Do not yet have a large enough stake in society to not commit crime

Hirschi — 4 types of bond that maintain social conformity

1. Belief, i.e. moral belief of e.g. needing to obey the law

2. Commitment to e.g. social goals like family that would be risked by crime

3. Involvement, i.e. activities that keep people busy and reduce opportunity for crime

4. Attachment, e.g. to local community and are thus sensitive to their needs and wishes