The Interwar Years and the Rise of Dictators Outline.docx

Global Depression

Economic downturn triggered by the Stock Market Crash in October 1929.

Maginot Line

Defensive barrier constructed by France from 1929 to prevent invasion.

New Deal

Policies by Franklin D. Roosevelt to provide relief, recovery, and reform during the Great Depression.

Sino-Japanese War

Conflict initiated by Japan in 1937 to free East Asia from imperialism.

Bolsheviks

Party led by Lenin that took power in Russia and became the Russian Communist Party.

Five-Year Plan

Stalin's strategy to shift the Soviet economy from agriculture to industry.

Fascism

Political ideology emphasizing nationalism and militarism, notably seen in Italy under Mussolini.

Enabling Act 1933

Legislation that granted Hitler the power to rule by decree in Germany.

Chinese Communist Party

Founded in 1921, led by Mao Zedong, aiming to establish communism in China.

Zaibatsu

Powerful financial cliques in Japan holding significant government influence.

Ruhr industrial area

occupied by France in 1923 when Germany fell behind in reparations

Dawes plan 1924

plan for Germany to make reparation payments in installments

John Maynard Keynes

urged governments to stimulate economy by increasing money supply and provide jobs

Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal

try to provide relief, recovery, and reform

India—Gandhi

fed nationalist sentiments led by Gandhi to boycott British goods

Japan - Sino-Japanese War

dependent in trade and tried to free East Asia from imperialism; attacked China in 1937 (Shanghai)

Reds (Bolsheviks) vs. Whites (anticommunists)

opposition led to Civil war, 1918-1920

Comintern

founded in 1919 to lead international revolution. This idea is what caused the red scare in America.

war communism

policy where government assumed control of banks, industry, property, and crops

New economics policy (NEP)

restored small industries to owners and some of the market economy

Leon Trotsky

close to aide to Lenin

Joseph Stalin

seized power after death of Lenin and became dictator

collectivism

cooperative farm units whose profits were shared by all farmers

Purges

1933 trials of all oppositions

Benito Mussolini

Italian dictator who founded the Fascist Party in 1919. Ruled Italy from 1922 to 1943, known for his authoritarian regime and alliance with Hitler during WWII. became prime minister of Italy

Black shirts

fascists armed squads who supported Mussolini, against socialists

Pact of steel 1939

formal alliance with Berlin

Weimar Republic

Period in German history from 1919 to 1933 marked by political instability, economic hardship, and cultural innovation. Led to rise of Nazi Party and ultimately World War II. Democratic republic established after WW1

National Socialist German Workers’ Party (nazi)

Political party in Germany led by Adolf Hitler in the 1920s and 1930s. Known for its extreme nationalist, racist, and anti-Semitic ideologies.

Beer Hall Putsch 1923

Event in Munich where Hitler attempted a coup against the Weimar Republic. Failed, leading to his arrest and trial, but boosted his popularity and laid groundwork for Nazi rise to power.

Chancellor to Fuhrer 1933-1934

Title given to Adolf Hitler after becoming Chancellor and President of Germany in 1934, consolidating power and establishing a dictatorship

Enabling Act 1933

Legislation that granted Adolf Hitler dictatorial powers in Germany, allowing him to enact laws without the approval of the Reichstag.

Nuremberg Laws

Nuremberg Laws: Legislation in Nazi Germany (1935) that stripped Jews of citizenship rights and prohibited marriage or relations with non-Jews.

Kristallnacht

Kristallnacht was a violent anti-Jewish pogrom carried out by the Nazis in Germany on November 9-10, 1938, resulting in the destruction of Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues.