Observational Methods - Lecture Notes

These flashcards cover the key concepts and definitions related to observational methods as discussed in the lecture.

Observational Methods

Techniques used to observe and record behavior in a natural setting without interference.

Naturalistic Observation

A research method involving observing subjects in their natural environment without manipulation.

Controlled Observation

A research method where observation occurs in a structured environment, allowing for greater control over variables.

Participant Observation

A research method where the observer becomes a part of the group being studied to gain insider perspective.

Non-participant Observation

An observational method where the researcher does not take part in the activities of the group being studied.

Qualitative Data

Data that describes characteristics and qualities rather than numerical measurements.

Quantitative Data

Data that can be quantified and is often expressed in numbers.

Ethical Considerations

Guidelines that must be followed to ensure the welfare and rights of participants are protected during research.

Inter-rater Reliability

The degree to which different observers give consistent estimates of the same phenomenon.

Validity

The extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure.