apmt 2

Conjunct Motion

Stepwise motion in music.

monophony

single melody

heterophony

melody + accompaniment

polyphony

multiple melodies, counter melodies etc

Disjunct Motion

Motion by leaps or bounds.

Parallel Keys

Keys that start on the same note.

Relative Keys

Keys that are 3 half steps apart.

Distantly Related Keys

Keys that are more than 1 accidental apart.

Closely Related Keys

Keys that are 1 accidental apart.

Bb Instruments

Instruments that transpose down a major second from the written pitch.

Eb Instruments

Instruments that transpose down a minor sixth from the written pitch.

F Instruments

Instruments that transpose down a perfect fifth from the written pitch.

A Instruments

Instruments that transpose down a minor third from the written pitch.

Octave Transposing Instruments

Instruments that transpose up or down by one octave.

Alberti Bass

A keyboard pattern to outline arpeggiated chords in a low-high-mid-high pattern.

Walking Bass

A bass line common in jazz that shows pulse and rhythm.

Imitation

Repetition of musical ideas, common in polyphony.

Call and Response

A type of imitation where musical lines are traded between parts.

Fugue

A musical form that uses imitations in its structure.

Canon

Layers of the same melody.

Round

A specific type of canon that can repeat endlessly.

Countermelody

Two melodies layered on top of each other, characteristic of polyphony.

Ostinato

A repeated rhythmic pattern that can be layered on other lines.

Doubling

Two instruments playing the same thing.

Solo

One single person performing a musical line.

Soli

A group of people performing the same musical line.

Tutti

Refers to the ensemble at large.

Open Spacing

Large, spaced out intervals between parts.

Closed Spacing

Close, small intervals between parts.

Anacrusis

One or more notes that occur before the first weighted beat.

Agogic Accent

A natural accent given to a note, often performed but not explicitly written.

Syncopation

Placement of accents or notes on normally weak beats, often used in jazz.

Cross Rhythm

A combination of two or more rhythm patterns that do not align equally.

Hemiola

A musical figure where two groups of three beats shift to three groups of two beats.