FINAL ANTHRO

Which of the following is NOT an example of a chronometric dating method?

Biostratigraphy

Which of the following is NOT an example of a relative dating method?

Dendrochronology

Which of the following is NOT one of the goals of archaeology?

None of the above

What are natural materials that give environmental information about a site?

Ecofacts

What are unmodified rocks not typical of the local geology where they were recovered?

Manuports

What is the study of the sequential layering of deposits?

Stratigraphy

What are the products of human activity that cannot be removed as a single discrete entity?

Features

Which approach studies contemporary people to gain insights into the past?

Ethnoarchaeology

What is part of legally mandated efforts to conserve records of the past under development threat?

Cultural resource management

Which method attempts to replicate ancient technologies to test hypotheses?

Experimental archaeology

What is the systematic attempt to locate, identify, and record archaeological sites?

Archaeological survey

Homo erectus and Homo ergaster represent closely related species or geographic varieties.

True

Neanderthals and early Homo sapiens both used a spear-thrower.

False

Darwinius is an early Oligocene primate.

False

Early Homo sapiens made tools from bone, antler, ivory, and stone.

True

Hunter-gatherers who move camp frequently are known as collectors.

False

The Archaic culture area corresponds to which region?

North America

The Mesolithic culture area corresponds to which region?

Europe

The Epipaleolithic culture area corresponds to which region?

Near East

Neanderthals had more varieties of stone tools than Homo sapiens.

False

Neanderthals practiced deliberate burial of their dead.

True

Neanderthals transported stone raw materials over long distances.

False

Which animal was domesticated in both the Old and New Worlds?

Dog

The Herto fossils represent the earliest modern human found anywhere.

False

The Herto fossils represent which species?

Homo sapiens idaltu

The Herto fossils are the best-preserved early modern human found anywhere.

True

The Oldowan tool complex is earlier than the Acheulian.

True

What epoch began roughly 11,000

10,000 years ago?

Which model proposes continuous evolution in multiple regions connected by gene flow?

Regional continuity

Which is NOT a New World plant domesticate?

Carrot

Which is NOT a plant microfossil?

Seeds

Which is NOT a pre-Clovis site?

Koster

Which is NOT an Old World animal domesticate?

Turkey

Which is NOT a plant macrofossil?

Pollen

Biologically, most humans are still well adapted to being hunter-gatherers.

True

The biggest global environmental problem humans face is climate change.

True

How many humans lived at the end of the Ice Age?

5 million

Humans are the most successful species ever to inhabit the earth.

True

Overall health quality increased with agriculture.

False

Sedentary living permitted closer birth spacing.

True

Which is NOT a North American Paleoindian culture?

Riverton

Which is NOT a characteristic of early civilizations?

Egalitarian

Which is NOT a difference between Homo erectus and earlier hominins?

Decreased sexual dimorphism

Which is NOT a location of early Old World civilizations?

England

Which is NOT a reason suggested for Classic Maya collapse?

Floods

Which is NOT a staple crop of New World civilizations?

Rice

Which is NOT an anatomical alteration for bipedalism?

More sensitive reflexes

Which is NOT one of the three New World migration theories?

Southern Pacific boat theory

Which is NOT one of the ice sheets covering North America during the Pleistocene?

Siberian

Which site was the largest New World urban center until the 19th century?

Teotihuacán

Which was NOT an early state of Peru?

Olmec

Which cultural period began 200,000 years ago and ended 40,000

30,000 years ago?

Urban centers supported by a hinterland of smaller communities are called what?

Cities

What is a chipped stone flake at least twice as long as it is wide?

Blade

What was the earliest form of writing?

Mesopotamian cuneiform

What are wild plants fostered by humans to be more productive?

Cultivars

What is a larger social order including groups with shared language, traditions, and ties?

Civilization

What plant is wholly dependent on humans to survive and reproduce?

Cultigen or domesticate

What is a state of interdependence between humans and selected species?

Domestication

What is the largest Native American language family in North America?

Athabaskan

What method uses a bone or antler punch to press off thin flakes?

Indirect percussion

What term means residing in one location for most or all of the year?

Sedentary

What term refers to intervals when continental ice sheets covered northern continents?

Glaciations

Which Upper Paleolithic industry in France and Spain includes Neanderthal blade tools?

Chatelperronian

What farming method uses only hand tools?

Horticulture

What is an urban center with its supporting territory forming an autonomous unit?

City-state

Which species evolved in Java with small stature and cranial capacity?

Homo floresiensis

What is the ridge of bone running down the middle of the cranium?

Sagittal crest

What is the spear-thrower invented in Africa and spread after 50,000 ya?

Atlatl

What is the term for walking on two legs?

Bipedalism

Which stone tool industry is associated with Neanderthals and the Middle Paleolithic?

Mousterian

What describes cultural activities involving planting, herding, and processing domesticates?

Agriculture

What is the largest Mississippian site in North America?

Cahokia

What is the study of how bones and materials became buried and preserved?

Taphonomy

Which method uses a resilient hammer to control flake size?

Soft hammer percussion

Which technique requires preparing a core before detaching flakes?

Levallois

What is a governmental entity that persists by politically controlling a territory?

State

What economic system involves individuals producing goods instead of food?

Craft specialization

What is the economic system in which some individuals do not engage in food production but instead devote their labor to producing other goods and services?

Craft specialization

What is the concept that biology makes culture possible and that developing culture further influences the direction of physical evolution?

Biocultural evolution

What is the geological epoch during which human behavior became one of the earth's major geomorphological and geological processes?

Anthropocene

What is the term for a class structure or hierarchy usually based on political, economic, or social standing?

Social stratification

What pattern of evolution describes different functional systems evolving at different rates?

Mosaic evolution

What cultural period is associated with modern humans (and some Neanderthals) and distinguished by technological innovation in stone tool industries?

Upper Paleolithic

What paleospecies likely gave rise to both Homo sapiens and Neanderthals?

Homo heidelbergensis