genetics questions year 10
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41 Terms
What is DNA
The carrier of genetic information located in the nucleus of a cell.
What is a chromosome
A tightly coiled strand of DNA.
What is a gene
A segment of DNA that codes for a trait.
What is a genome
An organism’s entire set of DNA.
What is a nucleotide
The basic building block of DNA made of sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogen base.
What is the shape of DNA
A double helix.
Which bases pair in DNA
Adenine with thymine, and guanine with cytosine.
What is RNA
A nucleic acid that helps make proteins from DNA instructions.
How is RNA different from DNA
RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine.
What is a genotype
The genetic code of an organism.
What is a phenotype
The physical expression of genes.
What is heredity
The passing of traits from parents to offspring.
What are proteins
Molecules made of amino acids that perform many functions in the body.
What are enzymes
Proteins that speed up chemical reactions.
What is DNA replication
The process of copying DNA to produce identical strands.
What enzyme unzips DNA
DNA helicase.
What enzyme builds new DNA strands
DNA polymerase.
What is transcription
The process of making mRNA from DNA.
What is translation
The process of building proteins from mRNA.
What is mRNA
RNA that carries genetic instructions from DNA to ribosomes.
What is mitosis
Cell division that produces two identical cells.
What is meiosis
Cell division that produces four genetically different gametes.
What is a gamete
A sex cell (sperm or egg).
What is a haploid cell
A cell with one set of chromosomes.
What is a diploid cell
A cell with two sets of chromosomes.
What is crossing over
Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes.
What is sexual reproduction
Reproduction involving two parents and fusion of gametes.
What is asexual reproduction
Reproduction involving one parent producing identical offspring.
What is a mutation
A change in DNA sequence.
What is a point mutation
A mutation affecting a single nucleotide base.
What is genetic diversity
The variety of genes within a population.
What is an allele
A version of a gene.
What is a dominant allele
An allele that is always expressed if present.
What is a recessive allele
An allele that is only expressed when two copies are present.
What is a Punnett square
A diagram used to predict possible offspring genotypes.
What is a pedigree chart
A diagram showing inheritance through generations of a family.
What is binary fission
A type of asexual reproduction where a cell splits into two identical cells.
What is melanin
A pigment that determines skin colour.
What is a karyotype
A picture of all chromosomes in a cell.
What is trisomy 21
A condition caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21.
What is cystic fibrosis
A genetic disorder affecting mucus in the lungs.