Muscles of the deep back & neck

Erector Spinae: Iliocostalis Origin

Cervicis: Superior 6 ribs

Thoracis: Inferior 6 ribs

Lumborum: Iliac Crest

Erector Spinae: Iliocostalis Insertion

Cervicis: TP of C4-C6

Thoracis: Superior 6 ribs

Lumborum: Inferior 6 ribs

Erector Spinae: Iliocostalis Action

Together: Extend and maintain erect posture of spine

Singly: Laterally flex vertebral column of respective region

Erector Spinae: Iliocostalis Innervation

Spinal Nerves

Erector Spinae: Longissimus Origin

Capitis: TP of T1-T4 vertebrae and articular processes of C4-C7

Cervicis: TP of T4-T5

Thoracis: TP of L1-L5

Erector Spinae: Longissimus Insertion

Capitis: Mastoid Process

Cervicis: TP of C2-C6

Thoracis: TP of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, ribs 9 and 10

Erector Spinae: Longissimus Action

Together: Extend vertebral column at respective region

Singly: Laterally flex vertebral column of respective region

Erector Spinae: Longissimus Innervation

Spinal Nerves

Erector Spinae: Spinalis Origin

Capitis: Arises with semispinalis capitis

Cervicis: ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of C7

Thoracis: Spinous processes of superior lumbar and inferior thoracic vertebrae

Erector Spinae: Spinalis Insertion

Capitis: Occipital bone

Cervicis: Spinous Process of axis

Thoracis: Spinous processes of superior thoracic vertebrae

Erector Spinae: Spinalis Action

Together: Extend vertebral column at respective regions

Erector Spinae: Spinalis Innervation

Spinal Nerves

Transversospinalis/Semispinalis Origin

Capitis: TP of C7 and T1-T7 and AP of C4-C6

Cervicis: TP of T1-T6

Thoracis: TP of T6-T10

Transversospinalis/Semispinalis Insertion

Capitis: Occipital Bone

Cervicis: Spinous processes C1-5

Thoracis: Spinous processes of C6-C7 and T1-T4

Transversospinalis/Semispinalis Action

Together: Extend vertebral column at respective region

Singly: Rotate head to the opposite side

Transversospinalis/Semispinalis Innervation

Spinal Nerves

Multifidis Origin

Sacrum, Ilium, transverse processes of lumbar, thoracic, and C4-C7

Multifidis Insertion

Spinous Processes of a more superior vertebra

Multifidis Action

Together: Extend vertebral column

Singly: Laterally flex vertebral column and rotate head to opposite side

Multifidis Innervation

Spinal Nerves

Rotatores Origin

Transverse Processes of all vertebrae

Rotatores Insertion

Spinous process of vertebra superior to the one of the origin

Rotatores Action

Together: Extend Vertebral Column

Singly: Rotate vertebral column to the opposite side

Rotatores Innervation

Spinal Nerves

Scalenes Anterior Origin

Transverse Processes C3-C6

Scalenes Anterior Insertion

First rib

Scalenes Anterior Action

Together: Flex neck and Raises 1st rib during deep inhalation

Singly: Laterally flex and rotate neck to the same side

Scalenes Anterior Innervation

Cervical Nerves

Scalenes Middle Origin

Transverse Processes C2-C7

Scalenes Middle Insertion

First rib

Scalenes Middle Action

Together: Flex neck and Raises 1st rib during deep inhalation

Singly: Laterally flex and rotate neck to the same side

Scalenes Middle Innervation

Cervical Nerves

Scalenes Posterior Origin

Transverse Processes C4-C6

Scalenes Posterior Insertion

Second rib

Scalenes Posterior Action

Together: Flex neck and Raises 2nd ribs during deep inhalation

Singly: Laterally flex and rotate neck to the opposite side

Scalenes Posterior Innervation

Cervical Nerves

Sternocleidomastoid Origin

Sternum and Clavicle

Sternocleidomastoid Insertion

Mastoid Process

Sternocleidomastoid Action

Together: Flex cervical portion of vertebral column, extend head, and elevate sternum during forced inhalation

Singly: Laterally flex and rotate neck to the opposite side

Sternocleidomastoid Innervation

Spinal Accessory

Platysma Origin

Fascia over deltoid and pectoralis major muscles

Platysma Insertion

Mandible and skin of lower face

Platysma Action

Depresses mandible, depresses and draws lower lip laterally, draws up skin of chest

Platysma Innervation

Facial nerve