Post War Popular Music
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91 Terms
What period does Post-War Popular Music cover?
From the end of World War II in 1945 to the British Invasion in 1964.
What were the two main purposes of studying post-war music?
To place rock-related music in cultural context and connect events to the music business.
How did the Great Depression affect the music industry?
Millions were unemployed and could not afford records or entertainment.
How did World War II help the economy?
It ended Depression-era hardships and increased employment.
What happened when American soldiers returned home after WWII?
The post-war population boom began.
What is another name for the post-war population boom?
The Baby Boom.
What is disposable income?
Money available to spend after necessities are paid for.
How did disposable income affect music after WWII?
More money was spent on entertainment such as records and concerts.
What major technology became widespread in the 1950s?
Television.
What is the 1950s sometimes called because of television?
The dawn of the Information Age.
How much did record sales grow annually during the 1950s?
About 20–25 percent per year.
Why did teenagers have more leisure time in the 1950s?
They no longer needed to work to help their families survive.
How did teenagers begin defining themselves in the 1950s?
Through entertainment and popular culture.
What was the "generation gap"?
The growing difference in attitudes between teenagers and adults.
What audience fueled the success of rock and roll?
Teenagers.
What actor symbolized teenage rebellion in the 1950s?
James Dean.
How did teenagers use music in the 1950s?
As a form of rebellion.
What music styles were associated with teenage rebellion?
Rock and roll and rhythm and blues.
What topics did rebellious rock songs often address?
Sex and personal freedom.
What clothing styles were associated with rock culture?
Bell bottoms and tie-dyed shirts.
What hairstyle trends were associated with rock culture?
Long hair and afros.
What performer was famous for hip gyrations that shocked adults?
Elvis Presley.
What slogan emerged from the rebellious attitudes of later rock culture?
Sex, Drugs, and Rock and Roll.
What motto became associated with 1970s punk music?
No Future.
Why was there high demand for cars after WWII?
Automobile production had largely stopped during the war.
How many cars did many families own after WWII?
Two or more.
How did cars increase teenage independence?
Teens could travel without parents.
What was "car culture"?
A lifestyle centered around cars, drive-ins, cruising, and radios.
What entertainment device became standard in cars during the 1950s?
Radios.
How did car culture help spread music?
People listened to music while driving.
What major migration occurred after WWII?
People moved from the South and Midwest to the North and West.
Where did many middle- and upper-class families move after WWII?
To the suburbs.
How did WWII influence race relations?
Black and white soldiers fought together.
Who refused to give up her bus seat in 1955?
Rosa Parks.
Where did Rosa Parks make her stand?
Montgomery, Alabama.
Who organized the Southern Christian Leadership Conference?
Martin Luther King Jr.
What major civil rights law was passed in 1964?
The Civil Rights Act.
What major voting law was passed in 1965?
The Voting Rights Act.
How did music contribute to the Civil Rights Movement?
White teens listened to music performed by Black musicians.
What Sam Cooke song became associated with civil rights?
A Change Is Gonna Come.
What forms of entertainment expanded rapidly in the 1950s?
Television, film, radio, and recording technology.
By the early 1960s, what was the primary form of entertainment?
Television.
How many television networks dominated the 1950s and early 1960s?
Three.
Why was television influential?
It was present in nearly every home.
What was American Bandstand?
A Philadelphia-based dance show hosted by Dick Clark.
Why was American Bandstand important?
It was one of the first major television outlets for rock and roll.
Before television, what was the main mass medium for music?
Radio.
What invention made portable music listening possible in the late 1950s?
The transistor radio.
What recording format dominated before the mid-1940s?
The 78 rpm record.
How long could a typical 78 rpm record play?
About three minutes.
Who introduced the LP record in 1948?
Columbia Records.
What does LP stand for?
Long Playing record.
How fast did an LP rotate?
33 1/3 rpm.
How much music could an LP hold?
About 30 minutes per side.
What smaller record format accompanied the LP?
The 45 rpm record.
By the mid-1950s, what recording format became obsolete?
The 78 rpm record.
Who controlled the major record labels in the early 1950s?
Conservative middle-aged white men.
Why were early rock artists often on small labels?
Major labels were not interested in rock and roll.
Which label first recorded Elvis Presley?
Sun Records.
Which label recorded Chuck Berry?
Chess Records.
What company bought Elvis's contract in 1956?
RCA Records.
What was a common strategy used by major labels against rock music?
Having white artists cover R&B songs.
Which white artist famously covered Little Richard songs?
Pat Boone.
Why did record executives dislike rock and roll?
They viewed it as risky and only wanted guaranteed profits.
Who was Fabian?
A teen idol hired to perform rock-style songs.
What is Payola?
Paying DJs to play certain records more often.
Why did record companies use Payola?
To gain or maintain radio airplay.
What two groups commonly paid Payola?
Small labels seeking exposure and large labels protecting market share.
When did Congress investigate Payola?
1958.
What major technology revolutionized recording in the late 1940s?
Magnetic tape recording.
Which company began selling tape recorders in the United States?
Ampex Corporation.
When did Ampex introduce tape recorders in the U.S.?
1948.
What advantage did tape recording have over earlier methods?
It could be cut and spliced.
What is overdubbing?
Adding new recordings to an existing recording.
What could producers do with multitrack recordings?
Remix tracks after recording.
What invention made new guitar sounds possible?
The solid-body electric guitar.
How do electric guitars amplify sound?
Pickups convert string vibrations into electrical signals.
Who helped develop the early solid-body electric guitar?
Les Paul and Leo Fender.
What were two popular Fender guitars?
The Telecaster and Stratocaster.
What guitar effect became especially important in rock music?
Distortion.
Who introduced the electric bass in 1951?
Leo Fender.
Why was the electric bass popular?
It was portable and durable.
What new keyboard instruments became popular in the late 1950s and early 1960s?
The Wurlitzer electric piano and Hammond organ.
What generation was born from 1946–1964?
Baby Boomers.
What generation was born from 1965–1979?
Generation X.
What generation is often called Millennials?
Generation Y.
What generation is often called Digital Natives?
Generation Z.
What generation follows Generation Z?
Generation Alpha.
When did MTV begin broadcasting?
1981.
What music format became common in 1982?
The CD.
What happened in 2019 regarding music formats?
LP records outsold CDs for the first time in over 30 years.