Module 6 - Objectives and Outcomes of Youth Sport

What are the 3 social factors that lead to positive outcomes?

• Personal (confidence)

• Social (coaches, family)

• Organizations (policies, competitive structures)

What are the 3ps of youth sport and explain them

Participation - improved physical health

Personal Development - opportunities to develop skills

Performance - prep for competitive play and life commitment

How much of the 3ps should youth programs achieve?

1/3 of 3Ps

What are the two types of activities?

Relaxed Leisure: enjoyable and non-demanding activities. Ex. Watching tv

Constructive Leisure: require effort towards a very specific goal.

• Constructive leisure promotes initiative development in kids

What are the 3 elements of promoting initiative development

• Intrinsically motivation - does it for their own sake

• Collaborative attention towards a goal

• Occurs over a long time

What are the two development Assets

External and internal

What is external assets

The support kids need to succeed.

What is internal assets?

Internal strengths to make a youth successful

What are the four external assets of support does a youth need?

• Empowerment

• Boundaries

• Expectations

• Constructive use of time

What are the 5Cs of youth development

• Competence

• Confidence

• Character

• connection

• Compassion

What is deliberate play vs practice

Deliberate play - maximize enjoyment and build interest

Deliberate practice - require effort, and no immediate response (build up): goal of improving rather than goal of enjoyment

What is more effective deliberate play or practice?

Deliberate practice

Explain early sport specialization

Focuses on one sport for the majority of the year and restricts opportunities to participate in other/similar sports.

Is deliberate play or practice high in early sport specialization?

high deliberate practice and low deliberate practice

What are the negativities of early sport specialization?

• Dropout

• Overuse

• Injury

• Failure to develop transferable skills

Who are the four people who influence youth sport dynamics

• coaches

• peers

• siblings

• parents

What is coaching effectiveness?

Consistent knowledge applied by the coach to improve an athletes 5cs and 3ps

What is the grounded theory of positive youth development

PYD is when positive climate and life skills change the outcome of youth development

PYD climate = PYD
life skills (transferable skills) = PYD

PYD climate + life skills = PYD

PYD = meaningful contributions in the future to community

Explain the influence coaches have on youth sports

• Major influence

• Many coaches focus on winning and losing rather than the development of players (lack 4cs)

What teaching strategies should coaches use?

Direct and indirect teaching strategies

What is direct and indirect strategies

Direct - teaching centred

Indirect - student centred

How do peers and siblings contribute to youth sport development?

Positive: enhance 3ps and 4cs, emotional support, information support (siblings)

Negative: social exclusion (source of stress and anxiety)

What are the 5 psychological needs a child needs from their parents in youth sports (don’t describe them)

1. Emotional support

2. Information support

3. Tangible support

4. Companionship

5. Parental modelling

Explain emotional support

Providing comfort through challenging times - providing feedback but it can be positive and negative?

Explain information support

Usually a parent has background in this sport

Earlier childhood: positive reinforcement and encouragement

Later childhood: youth begins to judge their competence, provide helpful information.

Explain tangible support

providing resources to engage in sport

• financial

• time commitment

• driving support

• commitment

Explain tangible support?

Having a friendly relationship with the child

Ex. go to games and spend time together

Explain Parental modelling support?

Positivity influencing a children’s physical activity. - children are more likely to be active if the parent is active… weak evidence on this

What are the objectives of youth sport

Objective is to achieve 3ps

What are the positive outcomes of youth sport

• 3ps

• Social skills

• Discipline

• Transferable skills

What are the negative outcomes of youth sport?

• Burnout

• Injury

• Early specialization can lead to overuse, burnout, injury

• Social exclusion by peers, leading to anxiety.

• Overemphasis on competition

• Psychological issues: stress

Explain the three stages of development model of sport participation (DMSP))

1. Sampling (2-12)

   1. Deliberate play, focused more fun rather than winning, building motor skills

2. Specialization (13-15)

   1. Mix of deliberate play and deliberate practice

3. Investment years (16+)

   1. Explore and specialize

Describe the elite pathway

Sampling — specialization — investment

Describe the recreational pathway

Sampling — recreational participation

Describe the early specialization pathway

Early specialization — investment

What is the positive outcomes of youth sport partcipation

• Discipline

• Life skills

• social skills

• 5Cs

What is the PYD and the outcomes of it all

PYD is when a youth has pyd climate and life skills which lead to PYD

essentially,

PYD climate = PYD

life skills = PYD
PYD climate + life skills = PYD

PYD = leads to meaningful contributions to society