Final Exam Review

congruence

A state in which a person's thoughts about their real and ideal selves are very similar.

What are the three systems described by Freud?

Id (impulsivity), superego (moral compass), and ego (compromise between the two).

What are the five stages of psychosexual development according to Freud?

• Oral: (birth - 1 year) mouth pleasure

• Anal: (1 - 3 years) bowel and bladder movement pleasure

• Phallic: (3 - 6 years) children become aware of the differences in their bodies.

• Latency: (6 - puberty) dormant sexual feelings as children focus on other stuff.

• Genital: (puberty - death) sexual urges merge into interest of relationships

Describe the phlegmatic temperament according to Galen.

Calm, reliable, and thoughtful.

2nd ML

What are the top five levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Physiological, Safety, Love/Belonging, Esteem, Self-Actualization.

How many scales are used to compile the MMPI?

10 scales.

What does the Just World Hypothesis state?

You get what you deserve; good actions yield good outcomes, and bad actions yield bad outcomes.

What are the two types of persuasion discussed in class?

1. elaboration likelihood model (central and peripheral)

2. the foot-in-the-door technique

What did the Stanford Prison Experiment demonstrate?

How situational forces influence human behavior, especially concerning power dynamics.

What did the Milgram Shock Experiment test?

The effect of authority on individual morals.

What is prejudice?

Negative attitudes and feelings towards individuals based solely on their membership in a particular group.

List four forms of prejudice discussed in the textbook.

Racism, sexism, ageism, homophobia.

Who developed the Social Readjustment Rating Scale?

Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe.

What are the two types of stress that impact performance?

Distress and Eustress.

lym - pho - cytes

White blood cells that are important in the immune response.

Identify some psychophysiological disorders discussed in class.

Asthma, Hypertension, Tension Headaches, Eczema, Acne, IBS, Coronary Heart Disease.

Name the anxiety disorders discussed.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Social Anxiety, Panic Disorder, Specific Phobias, OCD, Body Dysmorphia, Hoarding.

What does the Diathesis-Stress Model suggest?

People with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop it when faced with stress.

What does DSM stand for in its entirity?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

What are the two types of therapy and treatment?

Voluntary and involuntary.

List different kinds of psychotherapeutic orientations.

Cognitive, Behavioral, Cognitive-Behavioral, Play Therapy, Humanistic, Psychodynamic.

What is Active Listening?

A technique where a therapist acknowledges, restates, and clarifies what the client expresses.

What are biomedical therapies used for?

Psychotropic medication

1. Antipsychotics

2. Anti-depressants

3. Atypical antipsychotics

4. anti-anxiety agents

5. mood stabilizers

6. stimulants

electroconvulsive therapy

transcranial magnetic stimulation

cultural competence

A therapist's understanding and attention to issues of race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment.

What is trephining?

The practice of making small holes in people's heads to release spirits from the body.

Asch Experiment tested what?

if you knew your answer was right, would you cave if everyone had a different answer → conformity dynamic in group settings

The type of psychology that seeks to identify and promote those qualities that lead to greater fulfillment in our lives

positive psychology

Identify and know the discussed mood disorder (and their subtypes)

1. bipolar

2. depressive disorders

   1. Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

   2. Seasonal

   3. Postpartum

   4. Persistent (symptoms of MDD, but not all of them)

Identify and know the discussed neurodevelopmental disorders (full names)

1. Autism Spectrum Disorder

2. Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Phrenology

Per Franz Gall, personality traits discovered based on the bumps on someone’s skull

choleric

passionate, ambitious, and bold

ML

melancholic

anxious, unhappy, serious

sanguine

playful, easygoing, sociable

Side story ML

Galen’s proposed four temperaments and their traits

1. phlegmatic - calm, reliable, and thoughtful

2. choleric - passionate, ambitious, and bold

3. melancholic - anxious, unhappy, serious

4. sanguine - playful, easygoing, sociable