Final Exam Review

11 - 16

11:

congruence is a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar

Freud described this process as an interaction between three systems; which are they

  1. id- impulsivity

  2. superego- moral compass via interactions

  3. ego- compromise between the two; rationality

5 stages of psychosexual development per Freud and their fixations

  • Oral: (birth - 1 year) mouth pleasure

  • Anal: (1 - 3 years) bowel and bladder movement pleasure

  • Phallic: (3 - 6 years) children become aware of the differences in their bodies.

  • Latency: (6 - puberty) dormant sexual feelings as children focus on other stuff.

  • Genital: (Puberty - death) sexual urges turn into want for relationships.

Galen’s proposed four temperaments and their traits

  1. phlegmatic - calm, reliable, and thoughtful

  2. choleric - passionate, ambitious, and bold

  3. melancholic - anxious, unhappy, serious

  4. sanguine - playful, easygoing, sociable

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs bottom to top

  1. physiological

  2. safety

  3. love/belonging

  4. (self) esteem

  5. self-actualization

The number of scales used to compile the MMPI

10

Per Franz Gall, personality traits discovered based on the bumps on someone’s skull

phrenology

12

what does the just world hypothesis mean:

you get what you deserve; good = good, bad = bad

know and identify the types of persuasion discussed in class:

  1. central and peripheral; elaboration likelihood model

  2. foot-in-the-door techniques

Identify and know the studies that assisted us in understanding how to influence/control a person’s behavior (what they are):

  1. Stanford Prison Experiment (Zumbardo): tested how situational forces—rather than individual personalities—influence human behavior, specifically focusing on the effects of power, authority, and powerlessness in a simulated prison environment.

  2. Milgram Shock Experiment: the effect authority has on ones morals.

  3. Asch Experiment: if you knew your answer was right, would you cave if everyone had a different answer → conformity dynamic in group settings

Negative attitudes and feelings towards individuals based solely on their membership in a particular group:

Prejudice

Identify the forms of prejudice and discrimination that were discussed in the textbook:

  1. racism

  2. sexism

  3. ageism

  4. homophobia

14

Names of the psychiatrists that helped develop the Social Readjustment Rating Scale:

  1. Thomas Holmes

  2. Richard Rahe

Know the two types of stress that impacts our performance and associated feelings:

  1. Distress

  2. Eustress

Name of the white blood cells that are important in the immune response:

Lymphocytes

  • white cells

Identify and know the psychophysiological disorders as discussed in class:

  1. Asthma

  2. Hypertension

  3. Tension Headaches

  4. Eczema

  5. Acne

  6. IBS

  7. Coronary Heart Disease

The type of psychology that seeks to identify and promote those qualities that lead to greater fulfillment in our lives:

Positive Psychology

15

Identify and know the discussed anxiety disorders:

  1. generalized anxiety disorder

  2. social anxiety

  3. panic disorder

  4. specific phobias

  5. OCD

  6. Body dysmorphia

  7. hoarding

Identity and know the discussed mood disorder (and their subtypes)

  1. bipolar

  2. depressive disorders

    1. Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

    2. Seasonal

    3. Postpartum

    4. Persistent (symptoms of MDD, but not all of them)

Suggests that people with predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with stress:

Diathesis-Stress Model

Identify and know the discussed neurodevelopmental disorders (full names)

  1. Autism Spectrum Disorder

  2. Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

What does DSM stand for (in its entirety)?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

16

Identify the 2 types of Therapy and Treatment

a. voluntary

b. involuntary

Identify the different kinds of psychotherapeutic orientations/types of treatment (and for what)

  1. cognitive

  2. behavioral

  3. cognitive-behavioral

  4. play therapy

  5. humanistic

  6. psychodynamic

Technique in which a therapist acknowledges, restates, and clarifies what the client expresses:

Active Listening

Identify and know the biomedical therapies (and what they are used for):

  1. Psychotropic medication

  2. Antipsychotics

  3. Anti-depressants

  4. Atypical antipsychotics

  5. anti-anxiety agents

  6. mood stabilizers

  7. stimulants

  8. electroconvulsive therapy

  9. transcranial magnetic stimulation

A therapists understanding and attention to issues of race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment is called?

Cultural Competence

What is trephining?

The small hole that was made in people’s head to release the spirits from the body.