Allergy (Hypersensitivity Type I and IV)
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24 Terms
Type I hypersensitivity is ?
IgE-mediated IMMEDIATE type tissue injury
IgE is for?
Allergy + Parasite defense
Allergic immune response is?
Response to HARMLESS ENVIRONMENTAL antigens → ALLERGENS
Mechanism of Type I hypersensitivity is ?
IgE bind Mast cells/ Basophils releases histamine and leukotriene!
How long for Type I hypersensitivity to take place?
Minutes - IMMEDIATE
Which is not Type I hypersensitivity?
Nickel allergy
Sensitisation is when?
First exposure→ body produces IgE and bind to mast cells/ basophils (PT NO SYMPTOMS YET)
Symptoms of Type I hypersensitivity (allergy) shows when?
Re-exposure!
Clinical manifestations of allergy Type I are?
Vasodilation: flushing, hypotension<90mm/Hg
Bronchospasm: wheezing
Increased vascular permeability: swelling, hives
Pruritis: itch
Type I can be systemic too = Anaphylaxis, under what circumstances?
IV (directly OR oral absorption into the blood…)
Drugs, serum, venoms or Peanuts
Type IV hypersensitivity is what based?
Contact-based!
What are Type IV hypersensitivity?
Poison Ivy, Nickel, Latex, band adhesive, rubber
How to diagnose Type I and IV Allergy?
Rapid onset, mostly local
What test to diagnose?
Skin test >3mm wheal
How onto diagnose type I and Iv allergy through lab test?
Total IgE >100IU/ml
Specific IgE (RAST/CAP)
Skin Test VS Immunoassay
Treatment for Anaphylaxis
Adrenaline
Rhinitis?
Oral anti-histamine/ inhaled corticosteroids
Conjunctivitis
Oral anti-histamines
Asthma
Inhaled or oral corticosteroids - anti-inflammatory/ prevent or
Inhaled beta agonist - bronchodilator
Mechanism of adrenaline
Mast cell degranulation causes?
Edema and vascular congestion
Fc-receptor cross-linking by allergens triggers?
Immediate mast cell degranulation: vasoactive amine(histamine), proteases
Immediate generation and release of lipid mediators: prostaglandins,,,
Later secretion of cytokines: recruit leukocytes more > eosinophilsss….?
Type IV allergens/ contact-sensitising agents are
Often small molecules that penetrate skin and binds to Self-proteins to create new antigens
