Basic Content Quiz #4

1880s

Gilded Age- a period in American history that lasted from the 1870s to the late 1890s, between the Reconstruction Era and the Progressive Era. It was marked by rapid economic growth, industrialization, and prosperity for the wealthy, but also by widespread poverty, corruption, and labor exploitation. The term "Gilded Age" was coined by Mark Twain satirizing the period's economic well-being.

1890

Sherman Anti-Trust Act (responses to industrialization); Wounded Knee; Yosemite - 1st National Park (conservation and progressivism)

1898

Spanish American War (beginnings of American Imperialism - added Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines); Annexation of Hawaii;

1914-1918

WWI (assassination of franz ferdinand to treaty of Versailles

1920s

Roaring Twenties; 19th Amendment recognizes women's right to vote

1930s

great depression :( :( :( new deal :) :) :)

1939-1945

WWII (german invasion of poland to VJ day)

1960s

Civil Rights Era

wwi civil rights changes -

shenck v. us; espionage and sedition acts

dawes act

Dawes Severalty Act of 1887, named after a reformer and senator from Massachusetts. In what was essentially a new version of the original Homestead Act, the Dawes Act permitted the federal government to divide the lands of any tribe and grant 160 acres of farmland or 320 acres of grazing land to each head of family,

new deal

know these programs: - social security act; WPA (local examples); REA; CCC; AAA; TVA; NRA

muckrakers

- ida tarbell - the history of standard oil; ida b. wells - Red Record (lynch law in all its horrors); upton sinclair - the jungle; jacob riis, how the other half lives

progressive amendments

16th Amendment: progressive income tax; 17th Amendment: changed the way senators are elected from state legislatures to direct election by voters. 18th Amendment prohibited the sale of alcohol; 19th Amendment: womens suffrage

Captains of industry/Robber Barons

RR: Vanderbilt; Oil: Rockefeller; Steel: Carnegie; Tobacco: Duke

Populist Party

a political party formed in 1890 that sought to represent the rights of primarily farmers but eventually all workers in regional and federal elections; candidate William Jennings Bryan gave his "Cross of Gold" speech to advocate for bimetalism

Double V campaign

a campaign by African Americans to win victory over the enemy overseas and victory over racism at home

Tammany Hall

Democratic political machine Tammany Hall in New York, run by machine boss William Tweed with assistance from George Washington Plunkitt. There, citizens knew their immediate problems would be addressed in return for their promise of political support in future elections. In this way, machines provided timely solutions for citizens and votes for the politicians. Despite its corrupt nature, Tammany Hall essentially ran New York politics from the 1850s until the 1930s. Other large cities, including Boston, Philadelphia, Cleveland, St. Louis, and Kansas City, made use of political machines as well.

Hoovervilles

Hoover’s resistance to government aid cost him the reelection and has placed him at the forefront of the most unpopular presidents in modern American history. “Hoovervilles” became the common name for homeless shantytowns (and “Hoover blankets” for the newspapers that the homeless used to keep warm. A “Hoover flag” was a pants pocket—empty of all money—turned inside out. By the 1932 election, hitchhikers held up signs reading: “If you don’t give me a ride, I’ll vote for Hoover.” Americans did not necessarily believe that Hoover caused the Great Depression. Their anger stemmed instead from what appeared to be a refusal to help regular citizens with direct aid that might allow them to recover.

Wounded Knee, SD

The final episode in the so-called Indian Wars occurred in 1890. On their reservation, the Lakota people had begun to perform the “Ghost Dance,” which told of a Messiah who would deliver the tribe from its hardship, with such frequency that White settlers began to worry that another uprising would occur. The 7th Cavalry prepared to round up the people performing the Ghost Dance. Frightened after the death of Sitting Bull at the hands of tribal police, a group of Lakota Ghost Dancers led by Bigfoot fled. When the 7th Cavalry caught up to them at Wounded Knee, South Dakota on December 29, 1890, the Lakotas prepared to surrender. Although the accounts are unclear, an apparent accidental rifle discharge by a young Lakota man preparing to lay down his weapon led the U.S. soldiers to begin firing indiscriminately upon the Native Americans. What little resistance the Lakotas mounted with a handful of concealed rifles at the outset of the fight diminished quickly, with the troops eventually massacring between 150 and 300 men, women, and children. The U.S. troops suffered twenty-five fatalities, some of which were the result of their own crossfire. The United States awarded twenty of these soldiers the Congressional Medal of Honor, the nation's highest military honor. With this last show of brutality, the Indian Wars came to a close. U.S.

Wilmington, NC

Wilmington Race Massacre (white surpemacists launch only succesful coup in US History)

Hull House

Pioneering women such as Jane Addams in Chicago led this early progressive reform movement in the United States. With no particular religious bent, they worked to create settlement houses in urban centers where they could help the working class, and in particular, working-class women, find aid. Their help included child daycare, evening classes, libraries, gym facilities, and free health care. Addams opened her now-famous Hull House (Figure 19.7) in Chicago in 1889.

Fort Riley

The 1918–1920 flu pandemic, also known as the Great Influenza epidemic or the Spanish flu, is believed to have originated in the United States in March 1918. The first documented case was at Fort Riley in Kansas, and the virus spread quickly throughout western Europe

Niagara Movement

a campaign led by W. E. B. Du Bois and other prominent African American reformers that departed from Booker T. Washington's model of accommodation and advocated for a “Declaration of Principles” that called for immediate equality for African Americans

Wisconsin Idea

a political system created by Robert La Follette, governor of Wisconsin, that embodied many progressive ideals; La Follette hired experts to advise him on improving conditions in his state