Week 5 rapid fire quiz

What is the name of CN I?

olfactory

What is the function of CN I?

GVA special visceral: sense of smell

What part of the brain does CN I emerge from?

nasal epithelium

Where is the location and function of specific CN nuclei and pathways?

Where does CN I leave through the dura?

What foramen does CN I use to exit the cranial cavity?

What are the 3 sensory only CN?

CN I: Olfactory

CN II: optic

CN VIII: vestibulocochlear

What are the 5 motor only CN?

CN III: oculomotor

CN IV: trochlear

CN VI: abducens

CN XI: accessory

CN XII: hypoglossal

What are the four mixed CN?

CN V: trigeminal

CN VII: facial

CN IX: glossopharyngeal

CN X: vagus

What is does CN I start?

• nasal epithelium

Where does CN I end?

passes through cribriform plate to the olfactory bulb

What is the name of CN II?

optic

What is the function of CN II?

• GSA; special somatic; for sense of vision

Where does CN II start?

optic disc of the retina

Where do the R and L optic nerves meet?

optic chiasm

Where does CN II end?

primary visual cortex

What is the name of CN VIII?

vestibulocochlear

What is the function of CN VIII?

GSA; special somatic for balance and hearing

True or false: motor and and mixed CN can carry BOTH GSE and GVE

true

What is the name of CN III?

• oculomotor

Where does the oculomotor nerve start/end?

• start: midbrain of brain stem

• end: intrinsic eye muscles and ciliary ganglion

What is the function of CN III?

• GSE: eye movement (intrinsic eye muscles)

• GVE: pupil dilation

What is the name of CN IV?

trochlear

What is the function of CN IV?

• eye movement

What is the name of CN VI?

abducens

What is the function of CN VI?

eye movement (intrinsic eye muscles)

What is the name of CN XI?

• accessory nerve

What is the function of CN XI?

GSE: trapezius and sternocleiodmastoid

What is the name of CN XII?

hypoglossal

What is the function of CN XII?

GSE to muscles of the tongue: intrinsic and extrinsic

Why do most structures in the head and neck have multiple nerves?

most CN nerves have just one function that’s either sensory or motor

What is the name of CN V? and its 3 branches?

trigeminal

• V1: ophthalmic

• V2: maxillary

• V3: mandibular

What are the functions of CN V?

• sensory

  • face, oral, nasal cavity: GSA

  • tongue: GSA

• motor

  • GSE: mastication muscles (temporalis, masseter)

I feel a fly on my cheek, which CN carries that signal to the brain?

CN V

I can feel a sunburn on my face, which CN carries that signal back to the brain?

CN V

What is the name of CN VII?

facial nerve

What are the functions of CN VII?

• sensory

  • GSA special somatic: taste of ant. 2/3rds of tongue

• motor

  • GSE: facial muscles

  • GVE: (parasympathetic)

    • sublingual

    • submandibular salivary glands

    • lacrimal glands d

Why is the facial nerve easily damaged?

it lies superficial to the facial muscles

If I can sense that I am eating a food that is cold but I can’t taste if it is sweet, which CN is working and which is not?

• CN V: working; able to sense temperature

• CN VII: not working; unable to sense taste

Facial nerve lesion can result in ______. What symptoms are associated with this pathology?

Bell’s palsy

• paralysis on one side

• dry eyes

• dry mouth

• no taste on anterior 2/3rds of tongue

What is the name of CN IX?

glossopharyngeal

What are the functions of CN IX?

• sensory

  • GSA: post 1/3 of tongue and throat; important for gag reflex!

  • GSA special sensory for taste of post 1/3 of tongue

  • GVA: carotid body and sinus

    • senses changes in BP (from body) and HR (from sinus)

• motor

  • GSE: stylopharyngeus

  • GVE: parotid gland

CN ____ contributes to the sensory part of the gag reflex while CN ___ contributes to the motor part of the gag reflex

sensory: CN IX, glossopharyngeal

motor: CN X, vagus

A patient has no gag reflex but they can feel a tongue pressor on the back of their tongue, which CN is not functioning?

• CN X

Which CNs carry taste signals from the tongue?

CN VII: anterior 2/3rds

CN IX: post 1/3

Which CNs carry regular GSA signals from the tongue (pain, temperature, fine touch, etc.)

• CN V: mandibular branch; ant. 2/3rds

• CN IX: glossopharyngeal; post 1/3

What is the name of CN X?

• vagus nerve

What is the function of CN X?

• sensory

  • GVA: aortic baro and chemoreceptors

    • senses changes in BP and HR

  • GVA: thoracolumbar viscera

  • GSA: patch of skin on ear

• motor

  • GVE: thoracolumbar viscera

  • GVE: pharynx

  • GSE: esophagus

  • motor response of gag reflex

Which cranial arteries can have affects/compress cranial nerves?

Describe somatic pain: tissues + nociceptors involved and localization

tissues:

• muscles

• skin

• bones

• ligament

• tendons

• cartilage

nociceptors

• mechanical

• chemical

• temperature

• localized: sharp; patient can point to source of pain

I feel a hot pan on my hand this is ______ pain

somatic

I get a cut on my finger, ______ nociceptor receptors will signal this _____ (type) of pain to the brain

1. mechanical

2. somatic

Describe visceral pain: tissues + nociceptors involved and localization

tissues:

• internal organs

• glands

nociceptors:

• chemcial (sense inflammation)

• mechanical: stretching only!

diffuse/difficult to pinpoint; can be referred

Visceral pain does not include _____ related receptors or _____ type of neurons in general. Why is this?

• temperature; GSA

• there are no GSA receptors in stomach, only GVA

• if there were GSA, this would make the brain register lots of pain due to the hydrochloric acid in the stomach

Mechanical receptors in the visceral body structures respond to _______ only

stretching

Describe neuropathic pain: tissues + nociceptors involved and localization

• only nervous system tissue

• NOT CAUSED BY NOCICEPTORS

• can be localized, diffuse, or referred

What type of nociceptors convey neuropathic pain?

TRICK QUESTION: answer is NONE

there are no nociceptors for neuropathic pain!

What are the two components of pain?

• sensory/discriminative

• emotional/affective

How would Mr. Spock react to getting stabbed in the arm? Which component of pain is this?

• he would tell where the pain is and how much it hurts but not have any emotional response

• this refers to the sensory/discriminative component of pain

Where is the emotional aspect of pain processed?

cingulate gyrus

Bugs Bunny just stepped on a bee but he has no emotional response to the pain. Why might this be the case?

• damage to anterior cerebral artery which supplies cingulate gyrus

• results in person becoming less bothered by pain

• likely would result in impaired safety awareness

What are aspects of the emotional response to pain?

• avoidance/withdrawal

• antalgic gait

• autonomic effects