Paper 1 - USSR

How far do the policy changes of 1921 explain Stalin’s increasing domination of the Communist Party 1928-53?

• Policy changes of 1921

• Manoeuvring within the Party/Patronage

• Use of terror

How far was Khrushchev’s limited reform of the Soviet government the main reason for the regime’s growing political stagnation 1964-82?

• Khrushchev’s limited reforms

• Brezhnev’s restoration policy

• Repression and surveillance

How far do you agree that the Soviet economy was transformed 1928-53?

• Heavy industry

• Light industry

• Agriculture

To what extent did the economic reforms of Khrushchev and Brezhnev address the fundamental weaknesses of the Soviet economy 1955-82?

• Khrushchev’s agricultural reforms

• Khrushchev’s industrial reforms

• Brezhnev’s limited reform

How far did the Soviet regime succeed in ensuring that culture and the arts served the interests of the Communist Party between 1917-53?

• Art

• Media

• Film/literature

How accurate is it to say that the personality cult of Stalin was markedly different from the personality cults of Khrushchev and Brezhnev?

• Key features of the cult

• Success of the cult

• Purpose of the cult/how it was maintained

How significant was employment for the promotion of a stable Soviet society 1953-85?

• Employment

• Housing

• Welfare

How far did the Soviet government achieve its educational aims 1917-85?

• Increase literacy

• Indoctrination/control

• Prepare for work

How far did fundamental features of Lenin’s government remain in place under Stalin?/ How accurate is it to say Lenin’s approach to government was fundamentally similar to Stalin’s?

• Party vs state

• Ideological orthodoxy

• Centralisation OR Political terror

How far do you agree that the Civil War was the most significant factor in the centralisation of communist power in the years 1918-1928?

• Civil War

• 1921 Party Congress

• Stalin’s rise to power

How significant was the creation of a one-party state in the establishment of communist power in the years 1921-53?

• Creation of a one-party state

• Use of terror

• Propaganda OR Ideology-driven economic policy

To what extent did Stalin’s power in the Party change between 1928-53?

• Collective leadership → personal dictatorship

• Procedure/persuasion → coercion and terror

• Growth of cult of personality

How far was Khrushchev able to enact fundamental change to the system of government established by Stalin?

• Function of Party

• Cult of personality

• Mass terror control

How successful were economic policies in promoting economic development in the years 1917-41?

• Heavy industry

• Light industry

• Agriculture

How far was state propaganda the main reason for the regime’s control over the people 1917-53?

• State propaganda

• Censorship

• Terror/secret police

How accurate is it to say that the status of women was transformed under Soviet rule in the years 1917-85?

• Women and the family

• Women at work

• Women in politics/rights