purification

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Last updated 8:29 PM on 4/10/26
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6 Terms

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1) recrystallisation

PURIFIES SOLID COMPOUNDS

  • dissolve impure solid in hot solvent

  • filter = removes insoluble impurities

  • wash with cold solvent

desired compound is soluble

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why do we wash in hot and cold solvent?

  • hot solvent: solid compounds are soluble so desired compound fully dissolves.

  • cold solvent: crystals are insoluble so soluble impurities washed away

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2) filtration

SEPARATES SOLID AND LIQUID

  • gravitational filtration: filter paper and funnel (small amount of solid)

  • vacuum filtration: buchner flask and funnel connected to water to create vacuum (large amounts of solid)

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3) distillation

SEPARATES LIQUID (boiling points)

  • liquid evaporates into vapour

  • vapour condenses in condenser

  • forms liquid

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4) reflux

HEATING FOR LONG PERIODS OF TIME

  • liquid forms vapour

  • vapour condenses and drips down (cycle)

no substances lost

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purpose of anti bumping granules

  • prevent violent boiling

  • allow smooth boiling