Chapter 4

Body Systems & Related Conditions

Homeostasis is when all body systems are working at their ____.

best

Metabolism is the ______ and ______ processes where substances are metabolized into energy/products for body.

chemical; physical

Dilate means to _____.

widen

Constrict means to _____

narrow

_____ are OBJECTIVE

signs

_______ are SUBJECTIVE

symptoms

Anatomical terms: Anterior/Ventral

front of body

Anatomical terms: Posterior/dorsal

back of body

Anatomical terms: Superior

towards the head

Anatomical terms: Inferior

away from head

Anatomical terms: Medial

towards midline

Anatomical terms: Lateral

away from midline

Anatomical terms: Proximal

closer to the torso

Anatomical terms: Distal

farther away from torso

The Integumentary System is the ______ _____ and system in the body.

largest organ

Blood vessels dilate when the outside temperature is too ____. Allows body’s surface to cool off.

dilate

Blood vessels contrict when outside temperature is too ___. To keep body temp warm.

cold

The integumentary system prevents _____ ____.

water loss

Best time to observe for integumentary abnormalities (skin assesement) is during a ___ ____.

bed bath

Scabies are ____ that can burrow into the skin. Makes skin itchy.

mites

Define atrophy

weakening of muscles from lack of use

Contracture is a _______, painful, shortening of a muscle or tendon due to a lack of _____.

permanent; activity

Make sure to return the tray table (with their belongings) to the normal position so the resident doesn’t attempt to _____ __.

stand up

Rheumatoid arthritis is a _______ disease.

autoimmune ^{(the immune system is attacking the joint tissue)}

Arthritis involves…

swelling of joints (causing pain)

Partial weight-bearing (PWB) is a Doctor’s order stating that a person is able to support some body weight on ___ or ____ legs.

one; both

Non-weight bearing (NWB) is a Doctor’s order stating that a person is _____ to touch the floor or support any body weight on ___ or both legs.

unable; one

Full weight-bearing (FWB) is a Doctor’s order stating that a person has the ability to support ____ body weight on both legs.

full

If the resident has an affected side of body should we dress that side first or after the unaffected side?

first

We use an _______ ______ to support hip replacement surgery.

abduction pillow

Make sure wheelchair is always on ______ side of resident.

strong (unaffected; ^{they can pivot strong foot to sit on wheelchair)}

What are common diseases from disorders of the nervous system? (2)

Alzheimer’s and Dementia

The medical term for a stroke is

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

Hemiplegia is ______ on one side of body.

paralysis

Hemiparesis is _____ on one side of body.

weakness

Inappropriate/unprovoked emotional responses is called _______ ______.

emotional lability

Dyshpagia is difficulty _______.

swallowing

Strokes affect one side of the brain, so the weakness on body will occur on _____ side of brain.

opposite

For transfers, always use a ____ _____.

transfer belt

Always undress what side first?

stronger side

Always dress what side first?

weaker side

Gait refers to…

manner of walking

Parkinson’s disease is a degenerative disease that leads to: (4 symptoms)

stiff muscles, stooped posture, shuffling gait, tremors, etc

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a progressive disease that breaks down the ______ ______ causing nerves to not properly send messages.

myelin sheath

Paraplegia is the loss of function of ______ ____ and ____.

lower body; legs

Quadriplegia is the loss of function of ____, ____, and _____.

legs, trunk, arms

For residents who can’t be repositioned by themselves, they get repositioned every _ hours. (immobile residents)

2 ^{(MUST DOCUMENT THIS REPOSITIONING)}

What are the body’s major sense organs? (5)

eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skinA

Are the eyes & ears apart of the Nervous System?

yes

Circulatory system is made of the…? (3)

heart, blood vessels, and blood

Over time, blood vessels ______ and the heart pumps ____ efficiently.

narrow; less

What can help promote circulation for residents? (2)

movement and exercise

Hypertension (HTN) is also known as?

high blood pressure ^{(consistently 130/80 or higher)}

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) occurs when …?

blood vessels in coronary arteries narrow ^{(reduces supply of O2 to heart and following organs)}

When the heart isn’t getting enough O2 it causes chest pain, pressure, etc… This is known as _____?

angina

When one or both sides of the heart stop pumping blood properly, this is known as ?

congestive heart failure (CHF)

Breathing in is called ______.

inspiration

Breathing out is called ______.

expiration

A difficulty with breathing is known as ______.

dyspnea

For those with dyspena, should they be lying down or sitting up?

sitting up

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is ______.

chronic ^{(struggle to get air out of lungs)}

Two forms of COPD is :

chronic bronchitis, emphysema (both typically result from cigarette smoking)

The urinary system maintains …?

water balance in body

Is incontinence a normal part of aging? ^{(inability to control the bladder)}

no

UTI is a bacterial infection of the ______, bladder, ureter, or kidney.

urethra ^{(more common in women bc shorter urethra)}

What helps prevent UTI’s? (consume*) (2)

fluids and vitamin C

GI system has 3 main functions:

digestion, absorption, elimination

Digestion prepares food physically & chemically to be…

absorbed (into cells)

Absorption involves the transfer of nutrients from intestines to ____

cells

Elimination is process of _____ wastes

expelling

NA’s can help GI related conditions by encouraging…?

nutritious appealing meals

To ensure the resident can chew properly, ensure that _______ are properly fitting.

dentures

NA must always encourage _____ to be drank while eating. (in general also)

fluids

A rectal suppository is medication gived _____ to cause a bowel movement.

rectally

You need to chart (report to CNA) when and what the _____ looks like. (color, shape, consistency)

stool

An enema is a specific amount of water introduced to the ______ to eliminate stool.

colon

Hemorrhoids are enlarged veins in rectum (may be visible on outside), NA’s should be careful since these are ______

painful

GERD or gastroesophageal reflux disease is a _____ condition.

chronic (heart burn)

Define ostomy

surgically created opening from an area inside the body to the outside

A stoma is a…

artificial opening in the body

As a CNA, we can only ____ the ostomy bag. Not change/clean it.

empty

Change the ostomy bag _________ the resident has a bowel movment.

everytime

Glands are organs that produce/secrete ______.

hormones

Hormones are _______ ________ that control numerous body functions.

chemical substances

Insulin = hormone that moves _____ from blood into cells.

glucose

Prediabetes occurs when a person’s blood glucose levels are ____ but not high enough for typ