COMM1001 - Exam 1

Chapters 1,2,3

Communication

The process of using signs, symbols, and behaviors to create meaning

Communication meets…

physical, relational, identity, spiritual, and instrumental needs

Action Model

Communication is a one-way process

You would send your message through

a communication channel

There is a receiver of the message, the

person who will decode or interpret it

Interaction Model

Source, message, channel, receiver,

noise, encoding and decoding.

Differs from action model in two basic

ways: believes communication is a

two-way process, adds feedback and

context to the mix

Transaction Model

Doesn’t distinguish between the roles of source

and receiver, nor does it represent

communication as a series messages going back

and forth

It maintains that both people in a conversation

are simultaneously sources and receivers

It illustrates that conversation flows in both

directions at the same time

Types of noise:

physical, psychological, physiological.

Intrapersonal

The form of communication that addresses the smallest audience is intrapersonal communication, the communication you have with yourself

Interpersonal

Interpersonal communication occurs between two people in the context of their ongoing relationship

Small group

When we communicate with groups of about 3 to 20 people we are working interdependently to accomplish a task, we are engaging in small group communication

Public

Occurs when we speak or write to an audience larger than a small group

Mass

Communication delivered to a large audience is considered public

communication

Communication competence =

effective + appropriate

Competent communicators are…

self-aware, adaptable, empathetic, cognitively complex, and ethical

Culture

learned, shared symbols, language, values, and norm

Societies

Groups of people who share a culture with one another

In-groups

groups we identify with

Out-groups

describe groups as we see different from us

Cultural dimensions

individualistic vs collectivistic; low vs high context; power distance; masculine vs feminine; monochronic vs polychronic; uncertainty avoidance

Co-Cultures

groups of people who share values, customs, and norms related to mutual interests or characteristics other than their national citizenship

 Cultures have common components such as

symbols, languages, values, and norms

Stages of Perception

selection, organization, interpretation

Selection

initiated when one or more of your senses are stimulated

Ethnocentrism

the act of judging other cultures solely by the values and standards of one’s own

Organization

helps you make sense of the information

Interpretation

figure out its meaning for you

Perceptual schemas

physical, role, interaction, psychological constructs

Perceptual error

stereotypes, primacy effect, perceptual set

Stereotype

a generalization about a group or category of people that can have powerful influence on how we perceive others and their communication behavior

Primacy Effect

first impressions are critical because they set the tone for all future interactions

Perceptual Set

to perceive only what we want or expect to perceive

Locus

cause of a behavior is “located” whether within or outside ourselves

Stability

A second dimension of attributions is whether the cause of a behavior is stable or unstable

Controllability

Causes for behavior vary in how controllable they are

Self-serving bias

to our tendency to attribute our success to stable, internal causes while attributing failures to unstable, external causes

Fundamental Attribution Error.

The way in which we attribute other people’s behaviors to internal rather than external causes

Self-concept is…

multifaceted and partially subjective

Johari Window

open, hidden, blind, unknown areas

Self-fulfilling prophecy occurs…

when expectations cause outcomes

Face

desired public image (fellowship, autonomy, competence)