Exercise Class Final

Sport is a

Business

Challenges in sport

PED’s

Violence among fans, player coaches

Corruption among officials

Gigantism

Cognitive behavior hypothesis

Promotes positive thoughts and feelings

Sport Psychology questions

Do we promote health

Do we encourage education or violence

Do we encourage good morals or encourage corruption

Do we promote balanced development of sport in cities

Distraction Hypothesis

Engaging in physical activity distracts individuals from cares worries and frustrations

Endorphin hypothesis

Physical activity increases secretions of endorphins which are associated with imporived and enhanced sense of well-being.

motivation

influences the initation, maitenance, and intensity of behavior

Intrinsic Motivation

Motive derived from individuals own goals, desires, need and aspirations

Extrinsic

Motive for engagement focuses on gaining external rewards

Classic Learning Theory

Learning a new behavior is achieved by altering many small behaviors.

Health Belief Model; Adopting a new behavior depends on

Severity of potential illness

Susceptibility to illness

Benefits to taking action

Barriers to action

Behavior can be changed not

Personality

Social cognitive theory

Behavior change is influenced by enviromental factors, personal factors, and attributes of the behavior itself

Transtheoretical Model: Stages of change

Precomentplation

Contemplation

Preparation

Action

Maitenance

Termination

Exercise & Adherence

50% of adults stop exercising after 3 months, only 30% will still be exercising after 3 years

Personality

is exemplified by sport

Rehab Adherence Can be increased by

Social support

goal setting

effective communication

tailoring program to individual needs

monitoring progress

collaborative approach

curapersonalis

Exercise adherence can be increased by

Educational approaches

behavior approaches

Anxiety

Subjective feeling of apprehension accompanied by a heightened level of physiological arousal

Physiological arousal

An autonomic that results in the excitation of various organs in the body

Traits

Integral part of personality

State

Emotional response to a situation

Sympathetic division nervous system

fight or flight

Optimal level of arousal

Allows for peak performance

Parasynpathetic division nervous system

resting and digesting

Outcome Goals

Interpersonal comparison

Performance Goals

Personal Achievement

Process Goals

Technique

Self Talk

Task Relevent Statements

Positive Statements

Mood Statements

External Imagery

Athletes see themselves performing as if watching a videotape of their performance

Internal Imagery

Athlestes constract the image of the perfromance from the persepective of their own eyes

Sport as a product

organizational structure, management, leadership ethical practice, communications, marketing

Organization

Social entity created to coordinate the efforts of individuals with the intents to achieve goals

Non-Profit

Board Members have to be volunteers

Subcatagory of Organizations in sports

Youth

Intercollegiate

proffessional

High school

product equipment

brand awareness

brand recognition

brand loyalty

Organization Productivity

Process by which organization’s reach their goals

Effectiveness

extent to which it achieves the goals

Efficiency

Achievement of goals using minimum resources

Organization productivity is juged by

shareholders

Organization Design

Process by which leaders select and manage aspects or structure and culture of organization

Culture

A patter of shared basic assumption of behvaior learned by a group as it solved its problem of whats in the industry

How is culture understood

Artifacts

Espoused beliefs values and attitudes

Fundamental Assumptions

Manager

Work with individuals and groups while using other resources to achieve goals of the organziation

Efficienct

Consistency and order

care about the task

Leader

Much broader than manager

Not all leaders are managers and not all managers are leaders

all employees have the ability to be a leader

believe in doing things the right way

care about the people

Leadership

Ability to influence, motivate, and enable others to contribute toward the effectivness and success of the organizations of which they are members

4 Attributes of leaders

Honest

Forward Looking

Inspiring

Competent

Coercive

Leader demands complaiance. Decision making is top down

authoritative

leader is change catalyst-mobilized people toward a vision

Affiliative

Leader focuses on developing relationships, creates harmony, and build emotional bonds

Democratic

Leader forges consensus through participation, collaboration and communication

Pacesetting

Leader sets high standards for performance and models drive and initiative

Coaching

Leader focuses on developing people for the future

Emotional Intelligence

Ability to understand onselef and others, relate to others, and adapt to and cope with immeadiate surrondings

Trait EI

Associated with self-perceptions of emotion within the realm of personality

Ability EI

Associated with cognitive ability to percieve, express, and regulate emotions with onself and other

Interpersonal Communication

1 to 1 communication

Marketing

is unique in sport

Collective communication

communicating to anyone who might be involved

The team comm

Communicating to your team as a whole

Communication chanel

The way the message is sent

GOVERNANCE

Training, Use of Strategy, Specialization, and Definitions of Roles for Players and Coaches

INSTITUTIONALIZATION

Standardized Pattern or Set of Behaviors Sustained Over a Period of Time

Interscholastic Sports

Sports contribution to educational goals.

Intercollegiate Sport Issues

Exploitation of athletes

Gambling

Retention of Coaches

Drug abuse

Spiraling costs

Media

Stacking

players from certain racial or ethnic groups are disproportionately represented at certain

positions.