Infectious Diseases

Scombroid toxin poisoning (Histamines)

Form in food when certain bacteria present. Time & Temp permit growth

Scombroid toxin poisoning (Histamines)

Shipments of frozen fish can cause intoxication due to bad temp control.
Histamines are heat resistant

Scombroid toxin poisoning (Histamines)

Incubation period: immediately - 30 mins

Lasts 4-6 hrs

Scombroid toxin poisoning (Histamines)

Host/Vector: Canned and fresh fish products

Scombroid toxin poisoning (Histamines)

Reservoir: Tuna, mahi-mahi, bluefish, sardines, anchovies, scallops, swiss cheese

Scombroid toxin poisoning (Histamines)

Affects: May require hospitalization in elderly or impaired patients

Scombroid toxin poisoning (Histamines)

Control/Prevention: Food must be refrigerated or frozen and analyzed promptly to confirm diagnosis. Treat with antihistamines

Ciguatera toxin / Fish poisoning

Growth/Transmission: Consuming grouper barracuda, snapper, or other contaminated fish species

Ciguatera toxin / Fish poisoning

Basic Microbiol: Fish accumulate high levels of toxin by feeding upon smaller toxin containing fish

Ciguatera toxin / Fish poisoning

Incubation period: 6 hours. Neurological symptoms can continue for weeks-months. Patients can experience relapses after initial recovery

Ciguatera toxin / Fish poisoning

Diagnosis: Dietary history. Toxin analysis done in few laboratories.

Ciguatera toxin / Fish poisoning

Symptoms: Gastro, Neuro, Cadrio. Numbness around mouth, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. Intense paresthesia, joint/muscle pain, headache, temp sensory reversal, temp extremes sensitivity. Cardio: irregular heart beat, reduced blood pressure.

Ciguatera toxin / Fish poisoning

Toxins originate from algae species

Ciguatera toxin / Fish poisoning

Reservoir: Finfish

Ciguatera toxin / Fish poisoning

Affects: Relapses in symptoms after the consumption of alcohol or dietary changes. Toxin isn’t affected by cooking or freezing.

Ciguatera toxin / Fish poisoning

Controls/Prevention: Prevent exposure to toxic fish (Tropical areas)

Lyme Disease (Borrelia burgdorferi)

Basic microbiol: Highly motile and invasive

Lyme Disease (Borrelia burgdorferi)

Fever, chills, headache, fatigue. Swollen lymph nodes. Presence of erythema migrans rashes (bull rash)

Lyme Disease (Borrelia burgdorferi)

Outbreaks/Incidence: Tick bites

Lyme Disease (Borrelia burgdorferi)

Control/Prevention: Blood sample run thru ELISA, and Western blot test - antibodies means test is positive

Aflatoxicosis (Aflatoxin)

Growth/Transmission: Produced by fungi. Can grow on certain foods - feeds under favorable conditions of temp and humidity.

Aflatoxicosis (Aflatoxin)

Basic Microbiol: Agricultural Mycotoxin. Tree nuts, peanuts, other seed oils

Aflatoxicosis (Aflatoxin)

Symptoms: Acute necrosis, cirrhosis and carcinoma of liver in several animal sepcies

Aflatoxicosis (Aflatoxin)

Food/Host/Vector/Reservoir: corn, peanuts, milk, treenuts, and products of those. and grains

Aflatoxicosis (Aflatoxin)

Controls/Contamination: Screen raw agriculture grains

Water borne diseases

• Sickness of ailment results from ingestion for water that is harboring a pathogen

(ie) typhoid fever & cholera

Water washed disease

• sickness or ailment spread by fecal oral route or person to person contact and facilitated by the lack of adequate water for personal hygiene

Water related disease

• sickness or ailment is facilitated by insect vectors that breed in waters

(ie Malaria, Dengue, Yellow Fever)

Cyclosporiasis ethiological agent

cyclospora cayetanensis

Cyclosporiasis

lettuce/raspberries

Typhoid fever

caused most waterborne deaths pre 1940s

Percentage of fresh water

2.6

Prevention for typhoid

Vaccine

percentage of all disease that are due to water or sanitization

80

Shigellosis

Reservoir: feces of carriers and infected persons

Shigellosis

Symptoms: Acute diarrhea, fever, stool with blood and mucus

Shigelllosis

Incubation: 1-7 days

Botulism

Agent: Clostridium botulinum & Clostridium parabotulinum

Botulism

Reservoir: soil, dust, fruits, veg, fish, animal, human feces

Botulism

Symptoms: stomach pain, diarrhea, constipation, difficulty swallowing, double vision

Botulism

Incubation: 2hr - 8 days

Bacilius cereus emetic

reservoir: spores fund in cereal spices veg and milk

Bacillus cereus Emetic

vomiting diarrhea nausea - 1-6 hrs

Bacillus cereus Diarrheal

reservoir: spores fund in cereal spices veg and milk

Diarrhea, cramps, vomitting sometimes

6-16 hr