8th grade human body (circulation/scienti

Artery

blood vessels that carry blood AWAY from the heart and have thick, muscular walls

Vein

blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart, have thin walls and one-way valves

Capillary

Smallest blood vessels that connect arteries and veins

Atrium

The upper chambers of the heart

Ventricle

Large, lower chambers of the heart

Aorta

Largest artery of the body

Plasma

The liquid part of blood

 Red Blood Cell

specialized cells produced in the bone marrow that transport oxygen to tissues and remove carbon dioxide waste throughout the body

White Blood Cell

Essential immune system components produced in the bone marrow that defend the body against infections, foreign invaders, and diseases

Platelets

A colorless blood that helps in blood clotting for healing

Hypertension

An abnormally high blood pressure

Hemoglobin

A iron filled protein that transports oxygen from the lungs through the body

Bone Marrow

soft, spongy tissue found in the center of bones that produces blood cells

Fibrin

substance found in blood that helps it to clot

Clot

A thick, sticky clump of dried blood that stops blood from flowing through veins or closes a wound

Pacemaker

A group of cells like your heart that serve to maintain a rhythm in your body

Cardiac Muscle

The involuntary-muscle tissue of the vertebrate made for synchronized rhythmic contraction

Pulmonary Artery

Blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the lungs

Pulmonary Vein

Blood vessels that carry blood from the lungs back to the heart

Systemic circulation

The movement of blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removing waste products

Pulmonary circulation

the movement of blood between the heart, lungs and back to the heart

Intercellular fluid

The liquid between your cells and tissue

Lymph

clear, to white colored liquid derived from plasma

Pericardium

A fluid-filled sac that surrounds and protects your heart

Septum

muscular wall separating the left and right ventricles of the heart

Skull

The scientific name for the forehead bone that enclose and protect the brain.

Mandible

The scientific name for the lower jawbone, the only movable bone of the skull.

Clavicle

The scientific name for the collarbone, connecting the sternum to the shoulder.

Scapula

The scientific name for the shoulder blade, a large triangular bone in the upper back.

Sternum

The scientific name for the breastbone, located in the center of the chest.

Humerus

The scientific name for the long bone in the upper arm.

Radius

The scientific name for the bone on the lateral (thumb) side of the forearm.

Ulna

The scientific name for the bone on the medial (pinky) side of the forearm.

Carpals

The scientific name for the group of $8$ bones that make up the human wrist.

Metacarpals

The scientific name for the $5$ bones located in the palm of the hand.

Phalanges

The scientific name for the bones that form the fingers and toes; there are $14$ in each hand and foot.

Femur

The scientific name for the thigh bone, the longest and strongest bone in the body.

Patella

The scientific name for the kneecap, a thick, circular-triangular bone which articulates with the femur.

Tibia

The scientific name for the shinbone, the larger and stronger of the $2$ bones in the lower leg.

Fibula

The scientific name for the calf bone, located on the lateral side of the tibia.

Tarsals

The scientific name for the group of $7$ bones that make up the ankle and the proximal foot.

Metatarsals

The scientific name for the group of $5$ bones in the midfoot.

Vertebrae

The scientific name for the series of individual bones that form the spinal column.

cervical vertebrae

the upper spine right below the skull, consisting of seven vertebrae (C1 to C7) that support the head and allow for a range of motion.

thoracic vertebrae

the middle spine composed of twelve vertebrae (T1 to T12) that connect to the ribs.

coccyx

The small, triangular bone at the base of the vertebral column, commonly known as the tailbone, formed by the fusion of four vertebrae.

lumbar vertebrae

the lower spine made up of five vertebrae (L1 to L5) that support the weight of the upper body and provide flexibility.

pelvis

The complex bony structure at the base of the spine, consisting of the ilium, ischium, and pubis, which supports the spine and protects the pelvic organs.