exam 2 microbio

eukaryotic structure flagella role is…

works in a whiping motion, thicker and less numerous

prokaryotic structure flagella role is….

small and numerous, working in a circular motion

cilias role…

motor appendage (exclusive to them), shorter and numerous than flag, back & forth motion

cell wall role is……

shape & support, main difference being that if containing a cell wall they dont contain peptidoglycan

cell membrane role is…

selectively permeable, phospholipid bilayer, contains STEROLS providing rigidity

Rough ER

storage and transport (proteins), studded with ribosomes

Smooth ER

storage&transport, non-protein molecules (lipids)

Golgi apparatus (post office) role is…

Receives protein and lipids from endoplasmic reticulum and modify them to be shipped off

how does the golgi apparatus ship the modified proteins to their FINAL destination

by condensing vesicles

how does the endoplasmic reticulum send proteins and lipids to the golgi…

transitional vesicles

Transitional vesicles coming from Smooth ER will contain..

lipids

transitional vesicles from Rough ER will contain

proteins

What is the Endomembrane system and it’s job (natures assembly line)

network of membranes and organelles of eukaryotic cells that work together to modify, pack and ship proteins and lipids

what does the nature assembly line include?

• nucleus

• endoplasmic reticulum

• golgi apparatus

what are the steps in the Nature Assembly line?

• DNA in nucleus is copied into RNA

• RNA is passed thru nuclear pores to ribosomes on RER

• Ribosomes synthesizes protein from RNA

• Proteins deposited into RER

• RER ships unmodified proteins proteins to Golgi

• Proteins tagged and modified in golgi apparatus

• modified proteins packaged in vesicles and sent to their destination

vacuoles role is…

storage for any remaining particles such food waiting for digestion and will later fuse

What will the vacuole later fuse with

lysomes

Lysosome role is…

contains digestive enzymes such as food particles and invading microorg

eukaryotics ribsomes are 80s made from ?

60s and 40s

prokaryotic ribsomes are 70s from ?

50s and 30s

where can ribsomes in Eukaryotic cells be found?

mitochondria, RER, cytoplasm

cytoplasms consists of….

can be found in both pro and euk

actin filaments

microtubules

intermediate filaments

how does the actin filament function

crawling movements and shape changes

how does the microtubules function

Moves RNA and vesicles throughout the cell

how does the intermediate filament function

anchors organelles

what is the study of fungi called

mycology

mushrooms are in what group

macroscopic fungi

yeasts and molds are included in what group

microscopic fungi

yeasts takes what shape

unicellular oval shaped

yeast are anaerobic meaning

they can survive with or without oxygen depending if needed

when yeast no longer has oxygen it goes into….?

fermenation to obtain atp, converting sugar to alcohol

what is term for when yeasts reproduce

budding

mold takes what shape and appearance

long filamentous cells (hyphae)

when yeasts stay attached to each other even during budding it is known as

Pseudohyphae

if hyphae contains cross walls dividing into units is known as..

septa

coenocytic hyphae is…

hyphae with the absence of septa

mushrooms (fleshy mushroom) is composed of

large intertwined masses of hyphae (mycelium)

what grows above the surface

reproductive mycelium

what grows beneath the surface

Vegetative mycelium

what are viruses ?

obligate intercellular pathogens

viruses genetic info is contained in

the nucleic acid core

what is the capsid

surrounds the nucleic acid core with protein coat ( capsomeres )

capsids role within a virus

provides support and shape (protection) and made of subunits (capsomeres)

capsomeres can give the shape of

• helical

• isoschedral

• complex

where does the cell envelope orginate

from budding through the host from budding

what is the purpose of spikes

glycoprotein responsible for attaching the virus to host cell membrane receptors