Basic Principles of Cell Biology

These flashcards cover fundamental concepts and vocabulary related to cytoskeleton structure and function, organelles, and cell-cell communication.

Cytoskeleton

A network of protein filaments and tubules that provides structural support, shape, and motility for the cell.

Membrane

A double layer of phospholipids that forms the boundary of the cell, regulating the entry and exit of substances.

Microtubules

Hollow rods composed of tubulin that provide structural support and play a role in cell motility and substance transportation.

Microfilaments

Solid rods made of actin that support cell shape and function in muscle contraction.

Intermediate filaments

Fibrous proteins that provide strength and support to the cell, helping maintain its shape.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

An organelle involved in protein and lipid synthesis; comes in smooth and rough forms.

Golgi apparatus

An organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or use in the cell.

Lysosome

An organelle containing enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.

Peroxisome

An organelle that detoxifies harmful substances and metabolizes fatty acids.

Mitochondrion

An organelle known as the powerhouse of the cell, responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration.

Extracellular matrix

A network of proteins and carbohydrates outside the cell that provides structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells.

Integrins

Transmembrane proteins that facilitate cell-extracellular matrix adhesion and are involved in signaling.

Fibronectin

A high molecular weight glycoprotein that helps cells attach to the extracellular matrix.

Cell-Cell Junctions

Structures that facilitate communication and adhesion between adjacent cells.

Tight junctions

Specialized connections between adjacent cells that prevent leakage of substances.

Desmosomes

Structures that anchor adjacent cells together, providing mechanical strength to tissues.

Gap junctions

Intercellular channels that allow for the transfer of small molecules and ions between adjacent cells.