Unit 6: Consequences of Industrialization (copy)

Imperialism

The practice of extending a state's control over other territories and peoples.

Industrialization

The process of change from an agrarian to an industrial society, characterized by the growth of factories and mass production.

Economic motives

Reasons for imperialism that include the desire for raw materials, markets for goods, and profit from investment opportunities.

Direct Rule

A method of imperial governance where the imperial power replaces local leadership with its own officials and legal systems.

Indirect Rule

A method of imperial governance that maintains local rulers or institutions as long as they follow imperial demands.

Sphere of Influence

A region where a foreign power has dominant economic privileges but does not exert full political control.

Gunboat Diplomacy

The use of military threats to coerce a weaker state into complying with demands.

Social Darwinism

The misapplication of evolutionary ideas to human societies, often used to justify imperial dominance.

Sepoy Rebellion

The 1857 uprising of Indian soldiers against British control, resulting from grievances and leading to direct crown rule in India.

Maji Maji Rebellion

A revolt in German East Africa from 1905 to 1907 against oppressive colonial rule and forced labor.

Meiji Restoration

The period in Japan beginning in 1868 when rapid modernization and industrialization occurred to resist Western domination.

Opium Wars

Conflicts between China and Britain (1839-1860) over British trade of opium, resulting in unequal treaties favoring Britain.

The Berlin Conference

The 1884 meeting where European powers discussed and formalized their claims in Africa, leading to rapid colonization.

Indentured Labor

A labor system where individuals sign contracts to work for a fixed period in exchange for passage, wages, and sometimes housing.

Diaspora

A dispersed population that maintains connections to an original homeland, often forming multicultural societies in new locations.

Economic Imperialism

Control exerted by foreign powers through investment, debt, and trade agreements without formal colonization.

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

A U.S. law that restricted Chinese immigration, reflecting racialized immigration policies of the time.