Anatomy and Physiology II: Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts from the lecture on Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance in Anatomy and Physiology II.

Fluid Compartments

Two main fluid compartments in the body: Intracellular fluid (ICF) and Extracellular fluid (ECF).

Plasma Osmolality

The ratio of solutes to water in blood plasma, which reflects hydration status.

Buffer

A chemical system that prevents drastic changes in fluid pH by stabilizing hydrogen ion concentrations.

ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone)

A hormone released by the hypothalamus that helps the kidneys recover water from urine.

Hyponatremia

Abnormally low concentration of sodium in the blood, often due to excess water.

Hyperkalemia

Elevated potassium blood level that can impair the function of muscles and nervous system.

Acidosis

A condition where blood pH drops below 7.35, typically due to excess carbonic acid.

Alkalosis

A condition where blood pH rises above 7.45, usually associated with a deficiency of carbonic acid.

Osmosis

The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration.

Edema

The accumulation of excess water in tissues caused by water leakage from blood vessels.

Bicarbonate Buffer System

Primary buffering system in the body that maintains pH levels by using bicarbonate and carbonic acid.

Calcium Regulation

Controlled by parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin to maintain optimal blood calcium levels.

Respiratory Acidosis

Occurs when the blood becomes acidic due to excess carbonic acid from retained CO2.

Metabolic Acidosis

Occurs when blood pH drops due to insufficient bicarbonate or excess organic acids.

Sodium Regulation

Controlled by hormones such as aldosterone and angiotensin II, which influence sodium reabsorption.

Intracellular Fluid (ICF)

Fluid contained within cells, high in potassium and phosphate concentrations.

Extracellular Fluid (ECF)

Fluid outside cells, contains high sodium and chloride concentrations.