Industrial Revolution

Classical Liberalism

A political ideology advocating for limited government, individual freedoms, and free markets, first adopted in the UK and later worldwide.

Pre-Revolution Society

Characterized by rural living, hand-made goods, and low supply leading to high prices before the Industrial Revolution.

Agricultural Revolution

A period of increased farming efficiency that preceded the Industrial Revolution, leading to changes in production methods.

Mechanization

The process of using machines to produce goods, replacing hand-made production methods during the Industrial Revolution.

Urbanization

The movement of people from rural areas to cities, resulting in overcrowded urban centers and changes in the nature of work.

Child Labor

The employment of children in factories, often under poor working conditions, prevalent during the Industrial Revolution.

Class System

A social hierarchy that remained constant but saw changes in wealth distribution, with upper, middle, and working classes.

The Luddites

A group of skilled workers who resisted new technologies, fearing job loss to unskilled laborers, exemplified by Ned Ludd's actions.

Rockefeller

Founder of Standard Oil, known for monopolistic practices that controlled 90% of the American oil industry by the late 19th century.

Electoral Reform

Changes aimed at increasing the voting population, primarily benefiting the bourgeoisie and leading to universal manhood suffrage.

Factory Act of 1833

Legislation in the UK that prohibited child labor and established regulations for working hours and conditions.

Education Reform

Initiatives to improve education access, including compulsory education laws and funding for poor children's education.

Pinkertons

Private security agents used for strike-breaking during labor disputes, often viewed negatively by workers.

Robber Barons

A term used to describe wealthy industrialists, reflecting differing perspectives on their impact on society and the economy.