HI 102 Final PCC (Malack)

Short Answers Only

What agreement formed the great Axis powers of WWII?

The agreement between Rome, Berlin, and Tokyo.

What event officially marked the beginning of WWII?

The invasion of Poland.

What led to Austria's forced union with Germany?

Czechoslovakia ceded to Germany as a result of the Munich Agreement.

Who was Benito Mussolini?

Known as Il Duce, he was the leader of Italy during WWII.

What military strategy did Hitler first use during WWII?

Blitzkrieg.

What does Fascism prioritize?

Power lies in the hands of one for the good of all.

What was the Lend-Lease Act?

It stated that the president can sell supplies to essential nations.

What was the role of the Flying Tigers during WWII?

They fought to keep the Burma Road open.

Who established the Vichy Regime in France?

Marshall Pétain.

What was the Battle of the Atlantic known for?

It was the largest continuous military campaign during the war.

Who led the American raid on Tokyo?

Jimmy Doolittle.

What was the significance of the Battle of Coral Sea?

It was a naval battle where ships never saw each other.

Who was not associated with resistance movements in WWII?

Joseph.

What was the outcome of the Battle of Midway?

American forces ambushed a Japanese attack.

What distinguished the Tuskegee Airmen in WWII?

They were not Japanese American citizens who fought.

What occurred on December 8, 1941, in the US?

The US declared war on Japan.

What was Erwin Rommel's nickname?

Desert Fox.

What strategy was Island Hopping used against?

It was used against Japan, not Germany.

Who served as the British Prime Minister during a significant part of WWII?

Winston Churchill.

What event led to the preemptive strike from Japan?

The oil embargo imposed by the United States.

What was the goal of the Tokyo raid?

To boost American morale.

What atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima?

Little Boy.

What was the outcome of the Nazis' attempts regarding the Weimar Republic?

The Nazis did not successfully overthrow the Weimar Republic.

Who was Vidkun Quisling?

He established a collaborationist government with Germany in Norway.

What was Operation Sea Lion?

The planned Nazi invasion of Britain.

What was Operation Valkyrie?

A plot to kill Hitler.

What was Operation Torch?

The invasion of Africa.

What was notable about the Battle of Kursk?

It was the largest tank battle in history.

What characterized the Battle of Bulge?

It was the last German offensive in the west.

What was the aim of Operation Overlord?

It was the largest seaborne invasion in history.

What were the terms of Japan's surrender discussed at Potsdam?

The official post-war division of Germany.

What was the purpose of Dumbarton Oaks?

To plan for the establishment of the UN.

What was achieved at the Bretton Woods Conference?

It set the financial side of the UN.

Where was the UN Charter signed?

In San Francisco.

What was the role of the General Assembly in the UN?

One vote per nation; Russia originally had 3 votes.

What countries have permanent membership in the UN Security Council?

United States, Russia, China, England, and France.

What does the Secretariat in the UN do?

It cannot have a member of the Security Council serve.

Who coined the term "Cold War"?

Bernard Baruch.

Who created Keynesian economics?

John Maynard Keynes.

What is UNESCO focused on?

Kids' rights.

What does the LOST treaty stand for?

Law of the Sea Treaty.

What was WWII a victory over?

Fascism, not over authoritarianism.

Who were Julius and Ethel Rosenberg?

Communists who gave secrets of the Manhattan Project.

Who was Klaus Fuchs?

He was hired from Russia to work on the Manhattan Project.

Who was Alger Hiss and what was his role?

A communist who helped in the formation of the UN.

What did Whittaker Chambers do?

He called out Alger Hiss and proved his claims with the Pumpkin Papers.

What was Joseph McCarthy's campaign known for?

The anti-communist crusade known as McCarthyism.

What did Winston Churchill coin related to post-war Europe?

The term Iron Curtain.

What is the Iron Curtain?

A 4300-mile barrier dividing Eastern and Western Europe.

What was George Kennan's contribution to Cold War policy?

The Long Telegram, which served as a basis for US strategy.

What was the main focus of the Truman Doctrine?

To contain the USSR.

What was the Marshall Plan?

An aid initiative for European recovery after WWII.

What was the impact of the Berlin Blockade?

It cut off all land and river transit between Berlin and West Germany.

What did NATO seek to accomplish?

Prevent the spread of communism; no European nation fell to communism after its formation.

What was the Warsaw Pact?

A communist alliance.

What geographical division is known as the 38th Parallel?

It divided the Soviets from the US in Korea.

Who was General Douglas MacArthur?

The head of UN Command during the Korean War.

What was significant about the Inchon landing?

It was a daring amphibious landing during the Korean War.

What did the Hungnam Evacuation denote?

A miraculous event during the Korean War with no loss of life.

What was Operation Mongoose?

An assassination attempt on Castro.

What was the purpose of the Bay of Pigs invasion?

A failed effort to overthrow Castro in Cuba.

Who was Che Guevara?

A revolutionary figure in Bolivia.

Who was Daniel Ortega?

The leader of Nicaragua.

Who was Juan Peron?

The President of Argentina.

What role did Evita Peron serve?

She was considered the spiritual leader of the nation.

Who was Isabel Peron?

The first woman leader of a Western nation.

What notable event occurred in Chile regarding political leadership?

It was the first non-communist nation to elect a communist president.

What was significant about Ghana's independence?

It was the first African nation to gain independence.

Who was Kwame Nkrumah?

The first president of Ghana.

What is the nature of the Apartheid regime in South Africa?

It was not meant to be racial but enforced racial segregation.

Who was Nelson Mandela?

The South African president who played a vital role in ending apartheid.

What did the Rwandan Massacre trigger?

UN involvement which ultimately did nothing to stop the violence.

What was expressed in the Balfour Declaration?

It aimed to establish a national home for the Jewish people.

Who was Golda Meir?

She was the first and only female head of government in Israel.

What was Operation Nickel Grass?

It sent supplies to Israel during the Yom Kippur War.

What did the Camp David Accords achieve?

Peace between Israel and Egypt.

Which was the first Arab nation to recognize Israel's right to exist?

Egypt.

What was the Ayatollah's vision for Iran?

To have the church rule the state.

What did Gandhi advocate for in India?

Self-rule for India.

Who was Nehru?

The first prime minister of India.

What was SEATO's purpose?

To stop the spread of communism.

What did the Gulf of Tonkin resolution signify?

It was not an official war but marked the beginning of US involvement in Vietnam.

What agreement ended US involvement in Vietnam?

The Paris Peace Accord.

What was the Maastricht Treaty about?

It played a role in the process leading to Brexit.

What did Seneca Falls represent in women's history?

The first wave of modern feminism.

Who was Margaret Sanger?

She was instrumental in establishing Planned Parenthood.

What is 'The Feminine Mystique'?

A book by Betty Friedan that helped ignite the second wave of feminism.

Who was Phyllis Schlafly?

She opposed the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA).

What was Edward Teller known for in the Cold War?

He was the father of the hydrogen bomb.

What was the significance of the Salt I treaty?

It limited the production of nuclear weapons but also included defensive capabilities.

Who was Lech Walesa?

He formed the Solidarity movement in Poland.

What did William Buckley contribute to American politics?

He helped make conservatism respectable after WWII.

Who was Helmut Kohl?

The longest-serving leader in Germany after WWII.

Who was Margaret Thatcher?

She was the first woman Prime Minister of the UK, known as the Iron Lady.

What economic policy is Ronald Reagan associated with?

Free Market Economics, and he stood up to communism.

What does the Little Red Book represent?

Mao's propaganda tool in China.

What was the goal of the Helsinki Agreement?

To stop human rights violations.

What was the Brezhnev Doctrine?

It asserted that the USSR would intervene if socialism was threatened.

What was the Strategic Defense Initiative also known as?

'Star Wars,' a proposed missile defense system.

What is a biblical response to environmentalism according to the dominion mandate?

Humans are to exercise stewardship over the earth.