SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: Comprehensive Clinical and Epidemiological Study Guide

What is the imaging finding seen in Covid-19?

Chest radiography may show consolidation (47%) and ground-glass opacities (33%). Distribution is usually bilateral and focused in the lower zones. Pleural effusion is uncommon.

Describe the structure of SARS-CoV.

SARS-CoV is an:

• Enveloped,

• Positive-sensed,

• Single-stranded RNA virus (+(ss)RNA) approximately 125 nm in diameter.

• It has a lipid envelope, spike protein (S) that attaches to ACE2 receptors,

• a helical nucleocapsid containing viral RNA and proteins: protecting it within the viral envelope.

• a membrane protein (M) for stability: defining the shape of the envelope.

• A HE ( Hemaglutinine esterase ) that aids in attachment and release of viral particles.

What is the cytokine storm?

A hyperinflammatory state characterized by excessive production of cytokines like IL-6, IL-10, TNF, and G-CSF( Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) . It results in lung injury, multi-organ failure, and can lead to death.

What are the risk factors for SARS-CoV?

Risk factors include :

• age over 65,

• current or former smoking,

• chronic conditions (like cancer, diabetes, heart/lung diseases),

• immunocompromised states (such as HIV),

• physical inactivity, and

• mental health disorders.

Describe the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV.

SARS-CoV ( Via Droplet, nasal …) enters cells via ACE2 receptors by S protein —→ leading to viral replication and immune response activation.—→ , immune dysfunction ( lead to exraggration immnune response ) —→ cytokine storm can occur —→ contributing to lung injury and organ failure.

Complication of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus

• Acute Complications: Respiratory failure, ARDS, Acute liver/kidney/cardiac injury, Septic shock.

• Long-Term Complications ("Long Haul COVID"): Heart disease, neurological issues, brain fog, fatigue, dizziness, GI symptoms, palpitations, chest pain, and changes in smell, taste, or sexual desire.

Define Long COVID.

Long COVID refers to a range of persistent symptoms following acute COVID-19 infection, including fatigue, brain fog, heart disease, neurological issues, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Store Brian not transmitting tv ke ….