AP Gov Chapters 5 & 7

The Executive and the bureaucracy

Advantage that the Bureaucrats have over president in policy making

Bureaucrats possess expertise and continuity, while the president is only in office for limited time

Bully Point

The president’s power to persuade the public

Strong Power of the bureaucracy

They have the ability to set specific guidelines after receiving a general mandate from Congress

bureaucratic implementation of law

When a bureaucracy uses money given to them for a specific task by Congress

Example of bureaucratic rulemaking

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) writing a regulation to support a clean water bill

Cabinet members vs. independent agencies

President can dismiss cabinet members but not commissioners of independent regulatory agencies

Why Cabinet members do not have dominant influence on Presidential decision making

presidential goals often conflict with the institutional goals of individual cabinet-level agencies

Why don’t cabinet secretaries aggressively pursue the president’s policy agenda

The secretaries develop strong loyalty to their departments

Checks on legislative and executive branch

President can veto legislation, but the senate must confirm judicial nominees

The War Powers Resolution

limits the president’s authority to commit troops overseas (60 days to do so)

Oversight example

Congress can hold hearings for review of an executive agency’s activities

Congressional oversight of bureaucracy

congress authorizes spending (power of the purse)

Most likely way for congress to use oversight function

contoll executive agency’s annual budget

Independent regulatory agencies

are freer from the presidential control than cabinet agencies

Patronage

The act of choosing staff who the president has a personal relationship with

NASA and EPA are example of…

independent agencies

What will be the result of a new legislation regarding automobile safety

The DOT will be given discretionary authority to create auto regulations

When an agency uses comments to make decisions, it is

delegated discretionary authority

executive agreements show that

modern presidnets try to avoid legislative checks and balances on their authority

Expansion of presidential power

the US has become a global power, which has enhanced the power of the president in foreign affairs

Bully Pulpit example

Making direct appeal to the public through mass media

How president can rally public support for administration’s legislative agenda

Use the State of the Union Address to pressure Congress to pass a bill

Most difficult appointment for a new president to make in terms of senate confirmation

supreme court justices since they have life-tenure

True of relations among agencies and industries

agencies will not make decisions without consulting the regulated industry

Why does a president use a signing statement instead of a veto

they may object to the bill, but doesn’t want congress to override the veto

who doesn’t the Senate need to confirm

the White house staff

setting emission standards for automobiles through a policy is…

a regulatory policy

relationship between Congress and executive agencies

congress gives rule making authority to agencies to enforce Congress’s laws