Pathology-Reproductive
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Last updated 4:51 PM on 3/16/23
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26 Terms
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Bicornuate Uterus
commonly called “heart shaped” uterus
\-composed of two horns separated by a septum
\-most common
\-composed of two horns separated by a septum
\-most common
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Unicornuate Uterus
single horn
\-banana shaped
\-single renal agenesis
\-banana shaped
\-single renal agenesis
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Uterus Didelphys
rare congenital anomaly with complete duplication of the uterus, cervix, and vagina
\-surgical corrections can be employed
\-surgical corrections can be employed
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Pelvic Organ Prolapse
lack of uterine support
\-treatment: pessary
\-treatment: pessary
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Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
bacterial infection of the female genital system, specifically the fallopian tubes
\-cause: STD
\-usually bilateral
\-modality: US
\-cause: STD
\-usually bilateral
\-modality: US
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Endometriosis
endometrium
\-occurs when bits of the tissue that lines the uterus grows on other pelvic organs
\-ovaries (endometriomas)
\-fallopian tubes
\-develop fibrosis, adhesions, scarring, and eventually sterility
\-occurs when bits of the tissue that lines the uterus grows on other pelvic organs
\-ovaries (endometriomas)
\-fallopian tubes
\-develop fibrosis, adhesions, scarring, and eventually sterility
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Dermoid Cyst
cystic teratoma
\-most common type of germ cell tumor
\-benign or malignant
\-contain no organs but rather one or more tissues normally found in organs (hair, skin, fatty elements)
\-accounts for 25% of ovarian tumors
\-most common type of germ cell tumor
\-benign or malignant
\-contain no organs but rather one or more tissues normally found in organs (hair, skin, fatty elements)
\-accounts for 25% of ovarian tumors
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Cystadenocarcinoma
OVARIAN CANCER
malignant neoplasm of the ovary
\-most lethal
\-accounting for more than 75% of all ovarian cancers
malignant neoplasm of the ovary
\-most lethal
\-accounting for more than 75% of all ovarian cancers
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Cervical Cancer
abnormal growth pattern of epithelial cells around the neck of the uterus
\-cause: HPV
\-3rd most common carcinoma of female genital system
\-cause: HPV
\-3rd most common carcinoma of female genital system
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Uterine Fibroids
leiomyomas
\-benign, solid masses of the uterus
\-most common benign tumor
\-cause: estrogen and progesterone
\-benign, solid masses of the uterus
\-most common benign tumor
\-cause: estrogen and progesterone
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Breast Cancer
the most common malignancy among women
\-most lesions occur frequently in the upper lateral quadrant of the breast
\-2 types: invasive and noninvasive
\-most lesions occur frequently in the upper lateral quadrant of the breast
\-2 types: invasive and noninvasive
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Tomosynthesis
modification of digital mammography
\-uses a moving x-ray source and a digital detector
\-a three-dimensional volume of data is acquired and reconstructed using a computer algorithm
\-generates slices of images
\-uses a moving x-ray source and a digital detector
\-a three-dimensional volume of data is acquired and reconstructed using a computer algorithm
\-generates slices of images
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Fibroadenoma
affects 10% of all females
\-unilateral
\-solid, well defined mass that does not spread
\-cause: glandular tissue overgrowth
\-location: upper outer
\-unilateral
\-solid, well defined mass that does not spread
\-cause: glandular tissue overgrowth
\-location: upper outer
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Fibrocystic
affects 60 to 70% of all females
\-bilateral
\-fluid filled
\-cause: hormone fluctuation
\-bilateral
\-fluid filled
\-cause: hormone fluctuation
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Ultrasound and Breast Cancer
provides a secondary diagnostic tool that can differentiate between a benign cyst and a solid mass
\-no radiation
\-no radiation
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Multiple Embryos
a diagnosis of early multiple embryos can be made by US
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Polyhydramnios
an abnormal excessive volume of amniotic fluid
\-downs syndrome
\-can be caused by diabetes in the mother
\-downs syndrome
\-can be caused by diabetes in the mother
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Oligohydramnios
refers to a very small volume of amniotic fluid
\-leads to poor lung development
\-leads to poor lung development
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Ectopic Pregnancy
development of an embryo outside the uterus
\-most common site is the fallopian tubes
\-life threatening condition
\-most common site is the fallopian tubes
\-life threatening condition
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Placenta Previa
placenta partially or completely covers the cervical opening
\-modality: US
\-modality: US
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Benign Prostate Hyperplasia
enlarged prostate
\-common in men over 50
\-major effect of prostatic hyperplasia: inability to empty the bladder completely
\-common in men over 50
\-major effect of prostatic hyperplasia: inability to empty the bladder completely
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Cryptorchidism
congenital disorder of undescended testicle
\-usually located in the inguinal canal
\-modality: US
\-orchiopexy: pre puberty
\-usually located in the inguinal canal
\-modality: US
\-orchiopexy: pre puberty
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Carcinoma of the Prostate Gland
second most common malignancy in men
\-rarely occurs before age 50
\-can be slow growing or behave aggressively with extensive metastases
\-rarely occurs before age 50
\-can be slow growing or behave aggressively with extensive metastases
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Treating Prostate Cancer
seeding
\-a new treatment involves planting radioactive seeds in the prostate gland to destroy the tumor
\-a new treatment involves planting radioactive seeds in the prostate gland to destroy the tumor
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Testicular Tumors
most common neoplasm in men between 15-34 years old
\-most common: teratomas
\-lowest survival rate: chariocarcinomas
\-most common: teratomas
\-lowest survival rate: chariocarcinomas
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Testicular Torsion
spermatic cord
\-decreased blood supply
\-modality: US
\-decreased blood supply
\-modality: US