SOCIETY

Flashcards covering key concepts, definitions, and theories related to society, gender, and development.

Gender

A casual notion of distinction as male or female, man or woman, and boy or girl.

Society

A grouping of individuals characterized by common interests and distinctive culture and institutions.

Mainstreaming

Integrating gender into development planning in all sectors of society.

Development

Sustained capacity to achieve a better life, focusing on high life expectancy, quality of life, and basic human needs.

Gender and Development (GAD)

A development perspective that is participatory, empowering, equitable, sustainable, and supportive of human rights.

Divine Origin Theory

The theory that society was created by God, emerging in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

Force Theory

The theory that society originated from the subjugation of the weaker by the stronger through physical coercion.

Social Contract Theory

The theory that society came into existence by agreement among individuals, emphasizing freedom and equality.

Organismic Theory

Views society as a biological system, with structure and functions akin to a living organism.

Hunting and Gathering Society

A society where members survive primarily through hunting, fishing, and gathering edible plants.

Pastoral Society

A society that relies on the domestication and breeding of animals for food and transportation.

Horticultural Society

A society that relies on simple tools for producing food and cultivating fruits and vegetables.

Agricultural Society

A society that uses technology to cultivate crops in large areas and leads to the growth of towns and cities.

Industrial Society

A society characterized by steam power and manufacturing, leading to diverse urban populations.

Postindustrial Society

A society based on the production of information and services, with social classes divided by education access.

Band

A small kinship group, often no larger than an extended family or small clan.

Clan

A group united by common genealogy or lineage, sharing cultural, behavioral, linguistic, or religious practices.

Tribe

A group of interlinked families or communities sharing a common culture and dialect.

Gerhard Lenski's Typology of Society

Categorizes societies from Hunter-Gatherer Bands to Civilizations with social hierarchies.

Reciprocal Awareness

Social action based on mutual recognition and responses among individuals.

Cooperation

Members of society working together for common good to avoid mutual destructiveness.

Conflict

A process of struggle influential in the existence and dynamics of society.