Applied Anatomy Final (Trunk & Spinal Column)

3 Regions of Spinal Column

Cervical (Neck) (7 Vertebrae), Thoracic (12 Vertebrae), & Lumbar (5 Vertebrae)

Spinal Curves

Cervical & Lumbar = inward; Thoracic = outward

Two Components of Intervertebral Disc

Nucleus pulpous & Annulus fibrous

Spinal Curve Disorders

Kyphosis (outward cervical), Scoliosis (S-shape lateral curve), Lordosis (thoracic inward)

Bony Landmarks of Cervical Vertebrae (3,4,5 = one landmark, 7=N/A)

1) Transverse Foramen; 2) Superior Articular Facet (inferior on bottom); 3,4,5) Spinous Process; 6) Vertebral Foramen; 8) Body of Vertebrae

Alatooccipital

Between Atlas (C1) and Occipital Bone of Skull; Flexion & Extension

Alatoaxial

Between Atlas (C1) and Axis (C2); Allows for most cervical rotation

Cervical Spine Movements

Flexion/Extension, Rotation, Left/Right Lateral Bending

Muscles that Move the Head

Splenius Capatis, Splenius Cervicus, & Sternocleidomastoid

Bony Landmarks of Thoracic Spine (Skip C)

A) Vertebral Foramen; B) Body; D) Lamina; F) Spinous Process; G) Superior/Inferior Articular Process; K) Transverse Costal Facet; I) Superior Costal Facet (NO TRANVERSE FORAMEN)

What Movement Occurs in the Thoracic Spine

Most trunk rotation (thoracic rotation)

Bony Landmarks of the Lumbar Spine

1) Transverse Process; 7) Vertebral Foramen; 10) Superior Articular Process; 13) Body; 14) Spinous Process; 18) Superior Articular Process

Function of Lumbar Spine

Support Body Weight, Absorb Shock, Distribute Force, Protect Spinal Cord

Movements in the Lumbar Spine

Flexion/Extension, Lateral Flexion, & Rotation

Four Regions of the Ribs

Sternum, True Ribs (1-7), False Ribs (8-10), & Floating Ribs (11-12)

Bony Landmarks of the Ribs

1) Shaft; 3) Tubercle; 4) Neck; 5) Head (Anterior end opposite to head)

3 Parts of Sternum

Manubrium, Body, Xiphoid Process

Anterior Trunk Muscles

Rectus Abdominis, Transverse Abdominis, & Internal Obliques

What Movement are the Anterior Trunk Muscles Responsible For

Rectus Abdominis = lumbar flexion; Transverse Abdominis = forced expiration

Posterior Trunk Muscles

Trapezius, Latiusmus Dorsi, Quadratus, Lumbar, Gluteal Complex

Lateral Trunk Muscles

Internal Obliques & External Obliques

Intercostal (breathing) Muscles

Internal & External Intercostals; Abdominals; Diaphragm