Gram Negative Bacteria - Miscellaneous

a. I, II, III, IV, V, VI

Miscellaneous gram-negative bacteria.

I. Mycobacteria

II. Spirochetes

III. Mycoplasmas

IV. Rickettsiae

V. Coxiella burnetii

VI. Chlamydia

a. I, II, III, IV, V, VI

b. I, II, III, IV, V

c. II, III, IV, V, VI

d. III, IV, V, VI

e. I, II, III, IV

a. Mycobacteria

Aerobic gram-positive rods that do not form spores, acid-fast organisms.

a. Mycobacteria

b. Spirochetes

c. Mycoplasmas

d. Rickettsiae

e. Coxiella burnetii

f. Chlamydia

a. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Causes tuberculosis.

a. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

b. Mycobacterium leprae

c. Treponema pallidum

d. Borrelia recurrentis

e. Leptospira interrogans

a. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Obligate aerobes that derive energy from oxidation of organic compounds and grows slowly (18 hours) and cultured in Lowenstein-Jensen medium and Middlebrook.

a. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

b. Mycobacterium leprae

c. Treponema pallidum

d. Borrelia recurrentis

e. Leptospira interrogans

a. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Diagnosed by "tuberculin test".

a. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

b. Mycobacterium leprae

c. Treponema pallidum

d. Borrelia recurrentis

e. Leptospira interrogans

a. Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol, Streptomycin

First line agents for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

a. Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol, Streptomycin

b. Kanamycin, Capreomycin, Ethionamide

c. Cycloserine, Ofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

e. b and c

Second line agents for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

a. Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol, Streptomycin

b. Kanamycin, Capreomycin, Ethionamide

c. Cycloserine, Ofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

a. Multiple Drug Resistant TB

Resistant to Isoniazid and Rifampicin.

a. Multiple Drug Resistant TB

b. Extensively Drug Resistant TB

b. Extensively Drug Resistant TB

Resistant to Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Fluoroquinolones, Capreomycin, Amikacin, Kanamycin.

a. Multiple Drug Resistant TB

b. Extensively Drug Resistant TB

b. Mycobacterium leprae

Causes the Hansen's disease or leprosy.

a. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

b. Mycobacterium leprae

c. Treponema pallidum

d. Borrelia recurrentis

e. Leptospira interrogans

b. Mycobacterium leprae

Acid-fast bacilli grown in foot pads of mouse and armadillos which is diagnosed by "lepromin test".

a. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

b. Mycobacterium leprae

c. Treponema pallidum

d. Borrelia recurrentis

e. Leptospira interrogans

b. Mycobacterium leprae

Slowest growing human bacterial pathogen (2 to 10 years).

a. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

b. Mycobacterium leprae

c. Treponema pallidum

d. Borrelia recurrentis

e. Leptospira interrogans

f. All

First line agents for Mycobacterium leprae infection.

a. Dapsone

b. Rifampin

c. Clofazimine

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

f. All

Second line agents for Mycobacterium leprae infection.

a. Minocycline

b. Clarithromycin

c. Fluoroquinolones

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

b. Spirochetes

Large, heterogenous group of spirals, motile bacteria.

a. Mycobacteria

b. Spirochetes

c. Mycoplasmas

d. Rickettsiae

e. Coxiella burnetii

f. Chlamydia

a. I, II, III, IV

Spirochetes.

I. Treponema pallidum

II. Borrelia recurrentis

III. Borrelia burgdorferi

IV. Leptospira interrogans

a. I, II, III, IV

b. I, II, III

c. II, III, IV

d. I, II,

e. III, IV

a. Treponema pallidum

Causes syphilis or hard chancre.

a. Treponema pallidum

b. Borrelia recurrentis

c. Borrelia burgdorferi

d. Leptospira interrogans

a. Treponema pallidum

1) Rapidly killed by drying and elevated temperature of 42 °C

2) Immobilized and killed by arsenic, mercury and bismuth containing drugs

3) Detected directly in tissues or exudates using dark-field microscopy, immunofluorescence, or molecular tests.

4) Reservoirs are humans and acquired by direct sexual contact, transplacental transfer or through occupational exposure.

a. Treponema pallidum

b. Borrelia recurrentis

c. Borrelia burgdorferi

d. Leptospira interrogans

a. Pen G (IM)

DOC for Treponema pallidum infection.

a. Pen G (IM)

b. Tetracylcine

c. Erythromycin

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

e. b and c

Substitute drug for treatment of Treponema pallidum.

a. Pen G IM

b. Tetracylcine

c. Erythromycin

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

a. Treponema pallidum

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction may occur within hours after treatment of this infection.

a. Treponema pallidum

b. Borrelia recurrentis

c. Borrelia burgdorferi

d. Leptospira interrogans

a. Treponema pallidum sub. endemicum

Treponema species: bejel

a. Treponema pallidum sub. endemicum

b. Treponema pallidum sub. pertenue

c. Treponema carateum

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

b. Treponema pallidum sub. pertenue

Treponema species: yaws

a. Treponema pallidum sub. endemicum

b. Treponema pallidum sub. pertenue

c. Treponema carateum

c. Treponema carateum

Treponema species: pinta

a. Treponema pallidum sub. endemicum

b. Treponema pallidum sub. pertenue

c. Treponema carateum

b. Borrelia recurrentis

It is transmitted by vectors such as body louse (epidemic form) and ornithodoros ticks (endemic form) and causes relapsing fever.

a. Treponema pallidum

b. Borrelia recurrentis

c. Borrelia burgdorferi

d. Leptospira interrogans

f. All

Treatment for Borrelia recurrentis.

a. TCN

b. Erythromycin

c. Penicillin

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

c. Borrelia burgdorferi

Vector is Ixodes ticks and causes Lyme's disease or Lyme borreliosis.

a. Treponema pallidum

b. Borrelia recurrentis

c. Borrelia burgdorferi

d. Leptospira interrogans

d. Leptospira interrogans

Causes leptospirosis.

a. Treponema pallidum

b. Borrelia recurrentis

c. Borrelia burgdorferi

d. Leptospira interrogans

d. Leptospira interrogans

Tightly coiled, thin, flexible spirochetes with a hook at its end, actively motile and observed using darkfield microscopy.

a. Treponema pallidum

b. Borrelia recurrentis

c. Borrelia burgdorferi

d. Leptospira interrogans

a. Oral Doxycycline, Ampicillin, or Amoxicillin

Treatment for mild leptospirosis.

a. Oral Doxycycline, Ampicillin, or Amoxicillin

b. IV Penicillin or Ampicillin

c. Doxycycline 200 mg once weekly during heavy exposure

b. IV Penicillin or Ampicillin

Treatment for moderate to severe leptospirosis.

a. Oral Doxycycline, Ampicillin, or Amoxicillin

b. IV Penicillin or Ampicillin

c. Doxycycline 200 mg once weekly during heavy exposure

c. Doxycycline 200 mg once weekly during heavy exposure

Prophylactic treatment for leptospirosis.

a. Oral Doxycycline, Ampicillin, or Amoxicillin

b. IV Penicillin or Ampicillin

c. Doxycycline 200 mg once weekly during heavy exposure

c. Mycoplasmas

Classified under the class "Mollicutes", cell-wall free and highly pleomorphic and bounded by a triple layered unit membrane containing sterol.

a. Mycobacteria

b. Spirochetes

c. Mycoplasmas

d. Rickettsiae

e. Coxiella burnetii

f. Chlamydia

c. Mycoplasmas

Colonies produce a typical fried egg appearance.

a. Mycobacteria

b. Spirochetes

c. Mycoplasmas

d. Rickettsiae

e. Coxiella burnetii

f. Chlamydia

c. Mycoplasmas

Completely resistant to PCNs but are inhibited by TCNs and Erythromycins.

a. Mycobacteria

b. Spirochetes

c. Mycoplasmas

d. Rickettsiae

e. Coxiella burnetii

f. Chlamydia

d. Mycoplasma genitalium

Mycoplasma pathogenic species:

In men causing nongonococcal urethritis; in women causing cervicitis, endometriosis, salpingitis and infertility.

a. Mycoplasma pneumoniae

b. Mycoplasma hominis

c. Ureaplasma urealyticum

d. Mycoplasma genitalium

c. Ureaplasma urealyticum

Mycoplasma pathogenic species:

Causes nongonococcal, nonchlamydial urethritis in men.

a. Mycoplasma pneumoniae

b. Mycoplasma hominis

c. Ureaplasma urealyticum

d. Mycoplasma genitalium

b. Mycoplasma hominis

Mycoplasma pathogenic species:

Causes pyelonephritis, salpingitis, tubo-ovarian abscesses.

a. Mycoplasma pneumoniae

b. Mycoplasma hominis

c. Ureaplasma urealyticum

d. Mycoplasma genitalium

a. Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Mycoplasma pathogenic species:

Causes atypical pneumonia or CAP in persons 5 to 20 years of age.

a. Mycoplasma pneumoniae

b. Mycoplasma hominis

c. Ureaplasma urealyticum

d. Mycoplasma genitalium

d. Rickettsiae

Small pleomorphic bacteria that grow readily in yolk sacs of embryonated egg and diagnosed by "Weil-Felix Test".

a. Mycobacteria

b. Spirochetes

c. Mycoplasmas

d. Rickettsiae

e. Coxiella burnetii

f. Chlamydia

d. Rickettsiae

Can cause "fried egg" in the gray matter of the brain.

a. Mycobacteria

b. Spirochetes

c. Mycoplasmas

d. Rickettsiae

e. Coxiella burnetii

f. Chlamydia

d. Rickettsiae

Contraindicated with sulfonamides.

a. Mycobacteria

b. Spirochetes

c. Mycoplasmas

d. Rickettsiae

e. Coxiella burnetii

f. Chlamydia

a. Doxycycline

DOC for Rickettsiae infection.

a. Doxycycline

b. Chloramphenicol

c. Pen G

d. Sulfonamides

b. Chloramphenicol

Alternative drug for Rickettsiae infection.

a. Doxycycline

b. Chloramphenicol

c. Pen G

d. Sulfonamides

a. Rickettsia prowazekii

1) Reservoir - humans.

2) Vector - body louse (Pediculus humanus).

3) Causes epidemic typhus and Brillzinsser disease.

a. Rickettsia prowazekii

b. Rickettsia typhi

c. Rickettsia tsutsugamushi

d. Rickettsia rickettsii

e. Rickettsia akari

b. Rickettsia typhi

1) Reservoir - rodents

2) Vector - flea

3) Causes endemic typhus or murine typhus.

a. Rickettsia prowazekii

b. Rickettsia typhi

c. Rickettsia tsutsugamushi

d. Rickettsia rickettsii

e. Rickettsia akari

c. Rickettsia tsutsugamushi

1) Reservoir - rodents

2) Vector - mite

3) Causes scrub typhus

a. Rickettsia prowazekii

b. Rickettsia typhi

c. Rickettsia tsutsugamushi

d. Rickettsia rickettsii

e. Rickettsia akari

d. Rickettsia rickettsii

1) Reservoir - rodents and dogs

2) Vector - wood tick (Dermacentor andersoni), dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis)

3) Causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

a. Rickettsia prowazekii

b. Rickettsia typhi

c. Rickettsia tsutsugamushi

d. Rickettsia rickettsii

e. Rickettsia akari

e. Rickettsia akari

1) Reservoir - mice (Mus musculus)

2) Vector - blood-sucking mite (Allodermanyssus sanguineus)

3) Causes rickettsia pox

a. Rickettsia prowazekii

b. Rickettsia typhi

c. Rickettsia tsutsugamushi

d. Rickettsia rickettsii

e. Rickettsia akari

e. Rickettsia akari

Causes rickettsia pox.

a. Rickettsia prowazekii

b. Rickettsia typhi

c. Rickettsia tsutsugamushi

d. Rickettsia rickettsii

e. Rickettsia akari

d. Rickettsia rickettsii

Causes Rocky mountain spotted fever.

a. Rickettsia prowazekii

b. Rickettsia typhi

c. Rickettsia tsutsugamushi

d. Rickettsia rickettsii

e. Rickettsia akari

c. Rickettsia tsutsugamushi

Causes scrub typhus.

a. Rickettsia prowazekii

b. Rickettsia typhi

c. Rickettsia tsutsugamushi

d. Rickettsia rickettsii

e. Rickettsia akari

b. Rickettsia typhi

Causes endemic typhus or murine typhus.

a. Rickettsia prowazekii

b. Rickettsia typhi

c. Rickettsia tsutsugamushi

d. Rickettsia rickettsii

e. Rickettsia akari

a. Rickettsia prowazekii

Causes epidemic typhus and Brillzinsser disease.

a. Rickettsia prowazekii

b. Rickettsia typhi

c. Rickettsia tsutsugamushi

d. Rickettsia rickettsii

e. Rickettsia akari

e. Coxiella burnetii

Causes Q-fever.

a. Mycobacteria

b. Spirochetes

c. Mycoplasmas

d. Rickettsiae

e. Coxiella burnetii

f. Chlamydia

a. Doxycycline

DOC for Coxiella burnetii acute form.

a. Doxycycline

b. Doxycycline with Hydroxychloroquine

c. Both

d. None

b. Doxycycline with Hydroxychloroquine

DOC for Coxiella burnetii chronic form.

a. Doxycycline

b. Doxycycline with Hydroxychloroquine

c. Both

d. None

f. Chlamydia

Obligate intracellular parasites, possess rigid cell walls but lack peptidoglycan layer, and have a replicative cycle.

a. Mycobacteria

b. Spirochetes

c. Mycoplasmas

d. Rickettsiae

e. Coxiella burnetii

f. Chlamydia

a. Chlamydia trachomatis

Causes trachoma that is treated by azithromycin.

a. Chlamydia trachomatis

b. Chlamydia pneumoniae

c. Chlamydia psittaci

b. Azithromycin

Treatment for trachoma caused by Chlamydia trachomatis.

a. Erythromycin

b. Azithromycin

c. Penicillin

d. Doxycycline

a. Chlamydia trachomatis

Causes STDs like cervicitis, PID, urethritis, epididymitis, lymphogranuloma venereum and proctitis which are treated with doxycycline and azithromycin for pregnant women.

a. Chlamydia trachomatis

b. Chlamydia pneumoniae

c. Chlamydia psittaci

a. Chlamydia trachomatis

Can cause infant inclusion conjunctivitis which is treated by TCN or erythromycin.

a. Chlamydia trachomatis

b. Chlamydia pneumoniae

c. Chlamydia psittaci

b. Chlamydia pneumoniae

Causes atypical pneumonia treated with macrolides, TCNs and some fluoroquinolones.

a. Chlamydia trachomatis

b. Chlamydia pneumoniae

c. Chlamydia psittaci

c. Chlamydia psittaci

Causes psittacosis in humans and ornithosis in birds.

a. Chlamydia trachomatis

b. Chlamydia pneumoniae

c. Chlamydia psittaci

c. Chlamydia psittaci

Transmitted by inhalation of dried bird feces .

a. Chlamydia trachomatis

b. Chlamydia pneumoniae

c. Chlamydia psittaci

a. True

Treatment for Chlamydia psittaci are macrolides or doxycycline.

a. True

b. False