RELIG201 Quiz 10

Sufi

a Muslim who follows the mystical tradition of Islam known as Sufism. They focus on developing a deep personal relationship with God through spiritual practices such as prayer, meditation, and devotion. Their goal is inner purification and closeness to Allah rather than focusing only on legal or political aspects of religion.

Mahdi

a messianic figure in Shi’a Islam believed to be the hidden twelfth Imam. According to Twelver Shi’ite belief, the Mahdi went into hiding and will return in the future to restore justice and true Islam. He represents the continuation of the spiritual lineage from the Prophet Muhammad through Ali and the Imams.

Shura Council

a consultative body used for decision-making in Islamic governance. Emphasizes consultation and collective discussion when making public decisions. According to Islamic teachings, decisions should reflect justice, equality, and human dignity and often follow the majority view. Early Muslim leaders like Abu Bakr, were chosen through consultation among the community.

Ayatollah

senior religious leader and scholar in Shi’a Islam whose title means “sign of God.” They’re highly trained in Islamic law and theology and provide guidance on religious and political matters. They interpret Islamic teachings and help guide the community. The most respected among them may become Grand Ayatollahs, like Ayatollah Khomeini.

Jihad

described by a minority of Sunni scholars as a sixth pillar, while in Twelver Shi’a Islam it is one of the ten Practices. It includes the greater jihad, the personal struggle of each Muslim against sin and disobedience, and is traditionally divided into four forms: struggle against the self, the tongue, the hand, and the sword. Classical Islamic teachings also discuss armed jihad in the context of defending or expanding the Islamic state, with jurisprudential rules of warfare that prohibit harming women, children, and other non-combatants and emphasize defense against persecution or oppression.

Zakat

one of the Five Pillars of Islam and refers to the required giving of charity, donating 2.5% of their savings. Muslims give a portion of their wealth to help the poor, travelers, and others in need. Is a way to purify wealth and promote social responsibility.

Iblis

devil figure, is considered a jinn, a being made from fire with free will. He disobeyed God by refusing to bow to Adam and was expelled from God’s grace. Afterward, he vowed to tempt humans and lead them away from righteousness. God allows them to test humanity by trying to misguide people.

Sufis

followers of Sufism, the mystical tradition in Islam. They seek a direct and personal experience of God through devotion, prayer, and spiritual discipline. Focus on inner transformation and closeness to Allah rather than worldly concerns. Their teachings emphasize love of God, humility, and spiritual growth.