topic 1: key concepts in biology

Resolution

Ability to distinguish between two close points.

Actual Size Formula

image / magnification

Electron Microscope Pros

Higher magnification and higher resolution.

Acrosome (Sperm)

Enzymes to digest egg jelly coat.

Haploid Nucleus

Contains half the set of chromosomes (23).

Ciliated Epithelium

Cilia move substances (mucus/eggs) over surface.

Plant Cell Wall

Made of cellulose

Biological Catalyst

Protein that speeds up reactions without being used up.

Active Site

Area of enzyme where substrate binds.

Denaturation

Active site changes shape

Temp/pH effect

High temp or extreme pH breaks bonds

Core Enzyme Practical

Use iodine to test how long amylase takes to break down starch at different pHs.

Test for Starch

Iodine solution: Orange to Blue-black.

Test for Reducing Sugars

Benedict’s + Heat: Blue to Brick red.

Test for Proteins

Biuret: Blue to Purple.

Test for Lipids

Ethanol + Water: Clear to Cloudy emulsion.

Diffusion

Random net movement of particles from High to Low concentration.

Osmosis

Net movement of water from High to Low water potential across partially permeable membrane.

Active Transport

Movement from Low to High concentration