Midterm Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms Practice Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering unit dosage forms (tablets), semi-solids (ointments, creams, gels), and suppositories as outlined in the lecture notes.

Tablet

A compressed solid dosage form containing medicaments with or without excipients, typically described as solid, flat, or biconvex dishes.

Disintegration

The breaking down of something into small particles.

Sterile

Free from bacteria or other living microorganisms.

PVP

Polyvinylpyrrolidone, a polymer used as a binder in tablet formulations.

Debossed

Imprinted with a mark below the surface of the tablet.

Embossed

Imprinted with a mark raised above the surface of the tablet.

Engraved

Imprinted with a code that is cut into the surface of the tablet during production.

Compressed Tablet

Tablets formed by compression of powdered, crystalline, or granular materials into required geometry using high pressures and steel punches and dies.

Multiple-compressed Tablets

Tablets prepared by subjecting the fill material to more than a single compression.

Sugar-coated Tablets

Compressed tablets coated with a concentrated sugar solution to mask tastes, increase stability, or improve aesthetic appeal.

Film-coated Tablets

Compressed tablets coated with a thin layer of polymer, such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose or Eudragit E100, forming a skin-like film.

Gelatin-coated Tablets

Capsule-shaped compressed tablets that are about one-third smaller than a capsule filled with an equivalent amount of powder.

Enteric-coated Tablets

Compressed tablets designed to pass unchanged through the stomach and disintegrate in the intestine at a pH of $4.8$ and greater.

Buccal Tablets

Small, flat, oval tablets intended to be dissolved in the buccal pouch for absorption through the oral mucosa.

Sublingual Tablets

Small, flat, oval tablets intended to be dissolved beneath the tongue for absorption through the oral mucosa.

Chewable Tablets

Big sized tablets intended to be chewed within the buccal cavity prior to swallowing; they typically do not contain disintegrants.

Effervescent Tablets

Uncoated tablets containing organic acids and sodium bicarbonate that release gas when in contact with water.

Tablet Triturates

Small, usually cylindrical, molded or compressed tablets containing small amounts of potent drugs mixed with sucrose and lactose.

Hypodermic Tablets

Soft, readily soluble tablets originally used for the extemporaneous preparation of parenteral solutions.

Dispensing Tablets

Also referred to as compounding tablets, these are supplied for convenience during extemporaneous compounding.

Extended-release Tablets

Tablets designed to release medication in a predetermined manner over a prolonged period of time; also called controlled-release or sustained-release.

Vaginal Tablets

Uncoated, bullet-shaped, or ovoid tablets designed for local effects in the vagina; also known as vaginal inserts.

Implants

Long-acting sterile tablets designed to provide continuous drug release over months or a year.

Diluents

Excipients that add necessary bulk to a formulation to prepare tablets of the desired size, such as anhydrous lactose, magnesium stearate, and corn starch.

Binders

Adhesives that promote adhesion of formulation particles, allowing granulation and maintaining tablet integrity; examples include acacia gum and PVP.

Disintegrants

Agents that promote the breakup of the tablet into smaller particles after administration, such as starch and croscarmellose.

Glidants/Lubricants

Agents that enhance material flow, minimize punch/die wear, and prevent sticking; examples include magnesium stearate and talc.

Wet Granulation

A multi-step process involving weighing, blending, preparing a damp mass, screening, drying, sizing, adding lubricant, and compression.

Topical

Applied directly to the skin.

Emollients

Substances applied to the skin to soothe and hydrate it.

Amorphous

Lacking a clear structure.

Levigation

The process of grinding an insoluble substance to a fine powder while wet.

Oleaginous Bases

Also known as hydrocarbon bases, these are water-immiscible, difficult to wash off, and have emollient effects; example: White Petrolatum, USP.

Absorption Bases

Bases that permit the incorporation of aqueous solutions; types include Hydrophilic Petrolatum and Lanolin, USP.

Water-removable Bases

Oil-in-water emulsions that resemble creams and are water-washable; example: Hydrophilic Ointment, USP.

Water-soluble Bases

Greaseless, completely water-washable bases; example: Polyethylene Glycol Ointment, NF.

Gels

Semisolid systems consisting of dispersions of molecules in an aqueous liquid vehicle rendered jellylike by a gelling agent.

Pastes

Stiffer semisolid preparations containing a larger proportion of solid material; example: Lassar’s Plain Zinc Paste.

Suppositories

Solid dosage forms intended for insertion into body orifices where they melt, soften, or dissolve; name comes from Latin 'supponere' (to place under).

Rectal Suppositories

Cylindrical or conical shapes, usually $32 mm$ long, weighing approximately $2 g$ for adults.

Pessaries

Vaginal suppositories that are usually globular, oviform, or cone-shaped and weigh about $3-5 g$.

Bougies

Slender, pencil-shaped urethral suppositories.

Cocoa Butter

A fatty base obtained from Theobroma cacao that melts at $30-36^{\circ}C$ and exhibits polymorphism.

Cardiotonic

Drugs used to increase efficiency and improve the contraction of the heart muscle.

Astringent

A substance that contracts skin cells.

Menstruum

The solvent used in the maceration process.

Glycerinated Gelatin

A suppository base prepared from gelatin ($20 \%$), glycerin ($70 \%$), and water/medication ($10 \%$), often used for vaginal suppositories.