732 Movement Analysis

kinematics

describe the osteokinematics and motion observed at each moving joint

initiation

what action starts the movement

execution

how is the task executed- including a systematic description of segmental motion during the task

termination

what is the end position or alignment of the body

kinetics

identify the internal and external forces acting on the body

internal forces examples

muscle activity, tension/compression in periarticular tissues, joint reaction forces

external forces examples

gravity, external applied forces, buoyancy, contact forces, friction

muscular analysis

identify which muscles are active throughout the movement and their activation type- concentric, eccentric, isometric

joint structure

• joint shape and classification

• degrees of freedom at a joint

• bony congruency and shape of the articular surfaces and how that effects ROM

osteokinematics

expected ROM at each joint (ex. distal on proximal or proximal on distal)

arthrokinematics

describing roll, slide, and spin for each osteokinematic motion at the joint; application of the convex on concave and concave on convex rule

soft tissue constraints

periarticular tissues at each joint and how they can limit/resist movement (ex. ligaments, capsule, menisci, bursa, etc)

bony alignment

how might the alignment of two bones at a joint influence the movement capability and muscles crossing the joint

muscle performance

• muscle strength

• muscle power

• muscle endurance

muscle strength

maximal capacity of a muscle to exert a force under a given set of conditions

muscle power

combines strength and speed of contraction

muscle endurance

ability to sustain force over a long duration

motor recruitment

activation of the muscle via motor neurons; the more motor units in a muscle that are recruited, the greater the force of that muscle contraction

muscle stiffness

resistance of a muscle to being lengthened or stretched

co-contraction

contraction that occurs simultaneously on both sides of a joint

use of different muscles at a joint

muscles that act at the same joint differ in where they attach and how close their line of pull is to the joint’s center of rotation, even though they produce the same movement

adaptation, injury, healing

material properties of biological tissues include its strength, stiffness, ductility and viscoelastic properties. The specific properties of a biological tissue can change based on he loading and injury it may sustain

length-tension relationship

this relationship is important to our understanding of the generation of muscle force in different positions of the body. A muscle at resting length generated its maximal amount of active force and passive force increases with muscle length

passive insufficiency

when a muscle is lengthened across one joint, there will be decreased range of motion available at the second joint

active insufficiency

when a muscle is shortened at one joint, it will produce less force at the second joint

tissue stiffness

resistance felt through the range of motion

tissue shortness

indicates end range of motion has been decreased

relative stiffness

refers to the difference in stiffness between adjacent segments of the body; the less stiff of the adjacent segments will move before the stiffer the segment