1.2 micro

What is life

Needs to be able to reproduce, have heredity, growth, development, metabolism responsiveness and transport

Flagella

Responsible for bacterial motility or self propulsion

Chemotaxis

Move toward or away from chemical signal

Phototaxis

Movements away or toward from a light signal

Pili

Bacterial surface appendages with a specialized function

Fimbriae

Bacterial surface appendages (help bacteria to stick to things)

Glycocalyx

Coating of macromolecules to protect the cell (slime layer and capsule)

Examples of biofilms

Plaque and colonized medical devices

Hans Christian Gram

developed staining technique based upon cell envelopes (2 types gram positive {purple} and gram negative{pink})

What is in gram positive

Phospholipids membrane proteins, peptodoglycan, teicholic acid

Phospholipids, membrane proteins, lipoprotein, porin, peptoglycan, lipidolysaccharide

Peptidoglycan

Alternating strands of glycine NAG and NAM

Lipopolysaccharides

Found in gram negatives, lipid molecules bound to polysaccharides

Other cell walls

Mycobacterium and nocardia “waxy”

Mycoplasma

Naturally lacks a cell wall, shape of an L, or pleomorphic (no certain shape)

Protoplast

Gram positive hat loses cell wall, very fragile

Spheroplast

Gram negative that loses cell wall, less fragile

Cell membrane

Lipid bilayer, peripheral proteins, integral proteins, flexible and permeable

Cell membrane function

Transport nutrients in and out, respiration, mesosomes, selectively permeable

Mesosomes

Folded up areas of the cell membrane play a roll in respiration

Where is ATP made *****

Cell membrane

ribosomes

Site of protein synthesis

Inclusions

Primary storage bodies, in most bacteria but not all

Nucleotid/chromosome

Bacterial chromosome and bacterial plasmids

Bacterial chromosome

1 Circular strand of DNA, no true nucleus, DNA aggregates in area

Bacterial plasmids

Non essential pieces of DNA, exist separate from DNA, duplicated and passed during reproduction, contain information for drug resistance, toxins, enzymes

Endospores

Bacillus (aerobic) and Clostridium (anaerobic)

Bacteria shapes

Coccus, bacillus, vibrio, sprillium,

Coccus

Round, oval

Cocci arrangements

If they are in pairs, chains, groups or irregular clusters

Bacillus

Rod, longer than wide

Bacilli arrangements

Pairs, chains, clusters, palisades

Coccobacillus

Short and plump rod

Vibrio

Rod and curved

Spirillium

Rigid helix twisted

Medically significant “unusual” bacteria

Obligate intracellular parasites (Reickettsias and chlamydias)