exam 4 study guide DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (ACCESSORY ORGANS AND DISORDERS) - A and P II Lecture

carbohydrates

digested in the mouth by saliva using amylase; continues to be digested in the small intestines and large intestine

fats

digested in the stomach by lipase; continued to be digested in small intestines and large intestine

proteins

digested in the stomach by pepsin; continued to be digested in small intestines and large intestine

nucleic acids

digested in the small intestines by multiple enzymes

biliary apparatus

duct system formed by a network of ducts from the LIVER and GALLBLADDER

hepatic, common, cystic, bile

the ___ ducts merge together to form the ___ hepatic duct; the ___ duct merges with the common hepatic duct to form the common ___ duct

bile, pancreatic, HEPATOPANCREATIC AMPULLA

the common ___ duct and the ___ duct merge at the ___ ___ where they then empty their contents into the duodenum

liver

accessory organ in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen which is the largest organ; the primary function is to produce/synthesize bile

bile

an alkaline fluid that contains mostly water amongst other things; responsible for mechanical digestion of lipids by emulsification

porta hepatis

where the blood and lymph vessels, bile ducts, and nerves enter/exit the liver

hepatic lobules

the functional units of the liver where the hepatocytes are found

hepatocytes

liver cells which filter blood and produce bile

gallbladder

saclike organ on the inferior surface of the liver; stores, concentrates, and releases bile into the duodenum

cystic duct

the duct which connects the gallbladder to the common bile duct

pancreas

organ in the upper left of the abdomen that has BOTH endo and exocrine functions; releases pancreatic juice into the intestines for enzymatic digestion

alkaline

the pancreas releases ___ fluid into the small intestine to neutralize the contents arriving from the stomach

constipation

the impaired ability to defecate due to excessive water absorption

diarrhea

a disruption in the ability of water to be absorbed by the intestines

GERD

chronic condition in which acidic chyme reflexus into the esophagus causing pain behind sternum

diverticulitis

inflammation of the diverticula (pouches in the intestinal lining)

peptic ulcers

erosions of the lining of the stomach or small intestine; primarily caused by h. Pylori

gallstones

the condensation of cholesterol/calcium and bile salts in the gallbladder

appendicitis

the inflammation of the appendix