CHAP 13 BIO

what is the scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation

genetics

the transmission of traits from one generation to another is called

hereditary

offspring differ somewhat from their parents and siblings which is also?

variation

parents endow their offspring with encoded with what?

genes

Plants and animals reproductive cells called?

gametes

what is it called when a egg is fertilized

zygote

humans have how many chromosomes called

somatic cells

each chromosomes has hundreds or thousands of genes each at a specific location or ___ along the length of the chromosomes what is this called?

locus

only which type of reproduction can produce an offspring that are the exact copy or themselves

asexual

a single individual that is the sole parent to donate genes to its offspring

asexual reproduction

what is called of a genetically identical individual

a clone

two parents produce offspring that have a unique combination of genes inherited from the two parents

sexual reproduction

which type of reproduction is the best for making different gene variations

sexual

how many somatic cells does a human chromosome have

46

genes that carry the same inherited characteristics

homologues chromosomes

the two distinct general patterns labeled X and Y are called what

sex chromosomes

what are the other 22 pairs of chromosomes called?

autosomes

what variable is represented for the number of chromosomes

n

any cell with two sets of chromosomes (also abbreviated as 2n) is called?

diploid cell

a cell with a single chromosome set (abbreviated as n)

haploid cell

what is the human haploid number of chromosomes

23

what is the human diploid number of chromosomes

46

when chromosomes are duplicated that consist of 2 what?

sister chromatids

what generates all the somatic cells in our bodies?

Mitosis

gametes are not developed by?

mitosis

how do gametes develop

through germ cells

which process do gametes undergo?

meiosis

plants ans some algae undergo a second cycle called?

alternation of generations

a multicellular diploid stage is called

sporophyte

Meiosis in sporophyte produce a haploid called?

spores

Meiosis I and Meiosis II result in what?

4 daughter cells

meiosis I separates what?

homologous chromosomes

meiosis II separates what?

sister chromatids

1. synapsis and crossing over

2. homologs on the metaphase plate

3. separation

are all apart of what?

Meiosis I

during prophase 1 duplicated homologs pairs, crossing over during the stage called?

Synapsis and crossing over

during metaphase I of meiosis pairs of homologs, line up at the metaphase plate called

Homologs on the metaphase plate

during anaphase 1 of meisosis are duplicated chromosomes are seperated toward different poles while sister chromatids of each duplicates chromosomes remain at