oral radiology quiz ch 34-35

the best radiography technique to use for examining bone loss

• paralleling periapical technique is the preferred method for demonstrating anatomic features of periodontal disease 

dental image examination

• provides an overview of the amount of bone present

• images alone cannot be used to diagnose periodontal disease as they do not provide information about the condition of soft tissue or early bone changes

horizontal bitewings

• has a limited value in the detection of periodontal disease

panoramic image

• has little diagnostic value in the detection of periodontal disease

AAP stage III

• radiographic bone loss extending to the mid-third of the root, including vertical bone loss and furcation involvement 

AAP Stage IV

• radiographic bone loss extending to the mid-third of the root and beyond, including vertical bone loss, furcation involvement, and tooth mobility

predisposing factors and local irritants contributing to periodontal disease

• calculus

• defective restorations

trauma 

• is an injury produced by an external force

• may affect the crowns and roots of the teeth as well as alveolar bone

• may result in injuries of teeth and bone such as

  • intrusion

  • extrusion

  • and avulsion

crown fractures

• most often involves anterior teeth

• may involve enamel, dentin, and/or pulp

root fractures

• most often occur in the maxillary central region

• if the x-ray beam is parallel to the plane of the fracture, it will appear as a radiolucent line

  • not parallel= nonvisible

jaw fractures

• most often observed in the mandible

• best viewed from panoramic images

intrusion

• is the abnormal displacement of teeth into bone

luxation

• is the abnormal displacement of teeth

  • intrusion

  • extrusion

extrusion

• is the abnormal displacement of teeth out of bone

dental avulsion

• complete displacement of a tooth from alveolar bone

• should ONLY be healthily seen on primary teeth

physiologic resorption

• a process seen with the normal exfoliation (shedding) of deciduous (primary) teeth

pathologic resorption

• a regressive alteration of tooth structure observed when a tooth is subjected to abnormal stimuli

• i.e. orthodontic treatment

  • external (periphery of root surface)

  • internal (pulp chamber)

periapical radiolucencies

• most common, but cannot be diagnosed on their dental image appearance alone

• periapical granuloma

• periapical cyst

• periapical abcess

• periodontal abcess

periapical radiopacities

• no treatment

• condensing osteitis 

• sclerotic bone

• hypercementosis 

periapical cyst

• a lesion that develops over a long period

• it is the most common of all tooth related cysts

• asymptomatic 

condensing osteitis

• most common periapical radiopacity

• well defined radiopacity

• seen below the apex of a tooth with a history of long-standing pulpitis