nixon social change

What two massive anti-war protest demonstrations occurred in late 1969 to oppose the Vietnam War?

The First Moratorium in October (250,000 protesters) and the Second Moratorium in November (500,000 protesters) in Washington D.C.

How widespread were anti-war protests across Californian universities by 1970?

80% of Californian universities had protests, prompting Governor Ronald Reagan to temporarily shut down all University of California campuses.

What was the "Kent State Massacre" of 1970?

An incident where Ohio National Guardsmen deployed by Governor Jim Rhodes fired on student protesters, killing four and wounding eleven.

Which radical terrorist group splintered from the SDS in 1969-1970 to "bring the war home"?

The Weathermen (originally the Revolutionary Youth Movement), who bombed the Pentagon in 1972.

What armed standoff occurred in 1973 as a manifestation of radicalism within the Native American "Red Power" movement?

The two-month Wounded Knee Occupation by the American Indian Movement (AIM), which resulted in a siege and the deaths of 2 AIM members and 2 FBI agents.

How drastically did public support for Nixon's Vietnam War policy drop between 1969 and 1971?

Public support plunged from 77% in 1969 down to a record low of 28% by 1971.

What was the "My Lai Massacre," and when was it exposed to the public?

The mass murder of roughly 500 Vietnamese civilians by US troops; it occurred under LBJ but was revealed by veteran Paul Meadlow in 1969 after an 18-month cover-up.

Which American supergroup released the protest song "Ohio" in 1970 to directly blame President Nixon for the Kent State Massacre?

Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young.

What controversial action did actress Jane Fonda take in 1972 that earned her the nickname "Hanoi Jane"?

She toured North Vietnam and publicly condemned United States military actions.

What dramatic anti-war protest did 700 military veterans stage at the White House in 1971?

They publicly threw their military medals at the White House.

What historic 1973 tennis match challenged the deep-seated belief in male athletic superiority?

The "Battle of the Sexes," where female tennis player Billie Jean King defeated Bobby Riggs in front of 90 million TV viewers.

Which state became the first to actively legalize abortion upon request in 1970?

Hawaii (three years after Colorado became the first to decriminalize it for cases of incest or rape).

What did the Supreme Court rule in the landmark 1973 case Roe v. Wade?

It invalidated all laws completely banning abortion, but allowed states to restrict the procedure after 12 weeks of pregnancy.

Which pro-life organization was founded by Cathy Callaghan in 1972 to oppose abortion on the grounds of extending non-violence to the unborn?

Feminists for Life.

What annual anti-abortion protest was founded by Nellie Gray in 1974, drawing 20,000 women to Washington D.C. on its first anniversary?

The March for Life.

What landmark 1969 legal case funded by NOW used the 1964 Civil Rights Act to prove a female employee was unlawfully passed over for a promotion?

Weeks v. Southern Bell (won by employee Lorena Weeks).

What regulatory power did the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972 grant to the EEOC?

The legal authority to take companies and organizations to court for workplace sex discrimination.

What major child care legislation did President Nixon veto in 1972, negatively impacting working mothers?

The Comprehensive Child Development Bill.

Who became the mayor of Oklahoma City in 1971, making it the largest American city to elect a female mayor up to that point?

Patience Latting.

What mass demonstration saw 20,000 women strike across America for total equality in 1970?

The Women's Strike for Equality.

Which female Representative successfully reintroduced the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) to Congress, leading to its passage by the House in 1971 and Senate in 1972?

Martha Griffiths.

What was the formal requirement for the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) to become part of the US Constitution after passing Congress?

Ratification by three-quarters of the states (38 states out of 50) by the year 1979.

Who founded the conservative group "STOP ERA" in 1972 to mobilize traditionalist women against the amendment?

Phyllis Schlafly.

Which surprising political figures openly aligned with the National Organization for Women (NOW) to support the ratification of the ERA?

President Richard Nixon and conservative South Carolina Republican Strom Thurmond.

How many states had successfully ratified the Equal Rights Amendment by the time Nixon resigned in 1974?

33 out of the 50 states.

Which two states created constitutional uncertainty for the ERA by voting to withdraw their previous ratifications?

Nebraska and Tennessee.