global biodiversity

energy flow

solar energy is captured by producers and moves through consumers and decomposers

nutrient cycling

key nutrients are recycled through biotic and abiotic systems

ecosystem function

biological, chemical, and physical processes that take place within an ecosystem

global biodiversity

variety of life across earth on all levels

biocapacity

the capacity of an ecosystem to regenerate after human interference

what is a biome

a region of the world characterised by its resident life

what is a ecosystem

interactions between organisms living together in a particular environment

what is a habitat

location where a species or population of organisms live

how is productivity of ecosystem measured

variety of energy and nutrient that flow within a ecosystem

where does energy originate from and why are there smaller amounts of animals on higher trophic levels

energy from sun

what is vulnerability

ease at which a ecosystem can be changed

what is resilience

an ecosystems ability to cope with a change

what is dymanic equilibrium

occurs when vulneraiblity is equal to resilience

factors that cause dynamic disequilibrium

location to a hazards

positive vs negative feedback loops

positive loop amplifies original change while negative loop regulates the disturbance

overall reasons for managing and protecting ecosystems?

maintenance of genetic diversity

genetic diversity: link to resilience

more diversity means more complex energy flows and more resilient

genetic diversity; amount of species and total identified

% of total species ever existed

genetic diversity: evolutionary extinction and amount of threatened species

1 species a year, International Union for the Conservation of Nature lists 48,600 (28%) species at risk of extinction

genetic diversity: medical uses

estimated 5000/250

genetic diversity: stats on habitat destruction

40% of animal extinctions since 1600 are due to habitat destruction

utility value: to human

reduces potential source of food

utility value: environmental services

purifying water

what is ecological integrity

how whole and unaltered a ecosystem is by human activity

what is biocapacity

the regenerative capacity of an ecosystem

trend in biodiversity: Living planet indix (LPI)

tracks vertebrate species

current trend in biodiversity: agricultural expansion leading to threatened species

agricultural expansion accounts for threat of extinction for 24

current trend in biodiversity: agricultural expansion and % of biodiversity loss

primary driver of 75% of terrestrial biodiversity loss (UNEP

future trend in biodiversity: loss by 2050

2050: global biodiversity can decline by another 10-27%

future trend in biodiversity: agricultural and fish expansion

global agricultural and fish production is projected to expand by 14% over the next decade (OECD

future trend in biodiversity: global food demand by 2050

Global food demand is projected to increase by 60% by 2050 (FAO, 2022)

Y2Y ecosystem: utility value

Provides us with clean air, fresh water, recreational opportunities, and spiritual guidance

Y2Y ecosystem: economic value

tourism

Y2Y ecosystem: cultural value

Respect and belonging for Indigenous peoples whose territories overlap with the Yellowstone to Yukon region, partnering with over 75 indigenous nations

Y2Y ecosystem: maintaining the ecosystem

Maintaining and adding corridors to improve wildlife movement and reconnect isolated communities

strategy at global scale

international agreements such as the 2015 Paris Agreement on Climate Change saw announcement of goals towards net zero by 2050

strategy at regional and national scale in AU

establishment of national parks

strategy at local scale - Blue gum High Forest

By Hornsby Shire Council

Faure Island; overview

located within Shark Bay in WA, 700km north of Perth, flat semi-arid environment with 230mm rainfall per year

Faure Island; littoral zone

littoral zone with wetlands

Faure Island; barriada zone and sandplains

barriada zone have separated saltwater lakes

Faure Island; initial condition and owner

pastoral station for 100 years

Faure Island; feral animals and removal

over 2000 feral goats in 1999

Faure Island; translocation mission

reintroduced 5 species in 16 translocation missions

Faure Island; reintroducation success

20

indigenous land management; indigenous land and sea ranger program

started by Queensland Government in 2007 with 20 rangers