Muscular Test

Deltoids

shoulders

Pectorals

chest

Biceps

Front of upper arm

Abdominus

abdomen

Quadriceps

Front of thigh

Trapezius

upper back

Triceps

Back of upper arm

Latissimus dorsi

side of back

Gluteals

buttocks

Hamstrings

back of thigh

Gastrocnemus

calf

Function of the deltoids

abduction of the arm at the shoulder

Function of the pectorals

adduction + flexion of the arm at the shoulder

Function of the biceps

flexion of the arm at the elbow

Function of the abdominals

flexion of the body/trunk at the hips

Function of the quadriceps

extension of the leg at the knee

Function of the trapezius

extension of the neck

Function of the triceps

extension of the arm at the elbow

Function of the latissimus dorsi

adduction at the shoulder joint

Function of the gluteals

extension + adduction of leg at the hip

Function of the hamstrings

flexion of the leg at the knee

Function of the gastrocnemus

plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle

Definition of agonist

the muscles responsible for stabilizing the muscle's origin, e.g flexion of the arm at the elbow, agonist = Biceps

Definition of antagonist

the opposing actions of two muscles that cause opposite movements, e.g flexion of the arm at the elbow, antagonist = triceps

Definition of fixator

the muscle responsible for the opposite movement to the agonist, this muscle relaxes when the agonist contracts, e.g flexion of the arm at the elbow, fixator = deltoids

Definition of antagonistic muscle action

also known as the prime mover, the muscle contracting to cause/control the movement, as the biceps bends or flexes the elbow joint by contracting, the triceps relaxes